论中国马克思主义文学批评的民族主体性观

A Discussion on National Subjectivity of Chinese Marxism Literary Criticism

全球文化交往时代,中国文学和文化需要坚守自身的民族主体性。中国马克思主义文学批评不能固守启蒙现代性的主客二分、绝对内在、纯粹、先验、超历史的本质主体性论,而需要标举一种向他者与历史开放的民族主体性论。民族文化的主体应在民族自我和他者的激荡和融合,进而创造一种新质的过程中确立。民族性既是不同民族文化之间相互区分的结果,也是由民族中人们的文化实践所塑造并处于不停息地转化生成中的东西。由于民族文化的主体性是处于与他者结构关系和具体历史中的,因此它既不拒绝外来文化,也不会固守某种凝滞不变的传统文化,反而推崇中外文化的交流融合和对传统文化的超越创新,主张在创造自身的历史中凸显与他者的差异,在融合他者中推进自身的长足发展。

In the era of global cultural exchange,Chinese literature and culture need to adhere to their own national subjectivity. Chinese Marxist literary criticism should not stick to the theory of essential subjectivity which adopts subject-object dichotomy of enlightenment modernity and is absolutely inherent,pure,transcendental and super-historical,but should hold a national ownership theory which is open to the other and to history. The subject of the national culture should be established in the process of creating a new quality through aggression and fusion of the national self and the other. Nationality is not only the result of the distinction between different national cultures,but also the product of national cultural practice. Because the subjectivity of national culture is related with other peoples and specific history,so it neither rejects foreign culture,nor sticks to some kind of stagnant traditional culture,but advocates the integration of Chinese and foreign cultures and the innovation of traditional culture. It highlights the differences from others in the creation of its own history,and promotes its own rapid development in the integration with others.