社会转型期邻避抗争的生成机理与治理逻辑——基于PX项目的多案例实证研究

Formation Mechanism of NIMBY Protest and Governance Logic in the Social Transition Period: Multi-cases study Based on PX projects

在转型期的中国,邻避抗争是社会抗争的一种重要形式。基于近年来由PX项目引发的典型邻避抗争事件的多案例比较,可以发现,政府的封闭型决策、企业的逐利本性、大众传媒的扭曲宣传和社区共同体的切肤之痛,构成了邻避抗争利益相关者的"卷入"机制;从邻避抗争的形成、发酵、爆发到响应四个阶段入手,其生成机理清晰可见:各主体基于理性经济人的选择形成抗争,大众传媒的力量促成抗争进一步发酵,公民诉求的集中表达使抗争爆发,迟到的政府-公民互动则是对抗争的最终响应。有鉴于此,邻避抗争的治理需要政府主导与多主体的共同努力:政府发挥治理的主导作用,企业关注社会效应和安全生产,公民理性参与决策,媒体严肃危机报道态度。

During the transition period of China, NIMBY resistance is an important form of social protest. Based on the typical NIMBY protests raised by the PX Project case from 2007 to 2014, we find that government closed decision-making, enterprise＇ s profit driven nature, community elites＇ cognition and propaganda of the project and the painful feeling of the community, each stakeholder gradually involved in NIMBY problem. From NIMBY protest forming, fermentation, to respond to the four stages of the outbreak, its mechanism is clearly visible： Each subject choices based on the rational economic man, mass media power struggle led to further fermentation, expression of citizens＇ appeals broke out the protest, and the late interaction between the government and the citizen is the final response to the protest. In view of this, the governance of NIMBY protest requires the joint efforts of government and multi-agents＇ participation： governments play the leading role of NIMBY protest＇ s governance, enterprises should pay attention to social effects and safety production, citizens should be rational and media should have serious attitude in reporting public crisis events.