美国粮食供给调控与库存管理的政策措施——美国农业法制定过程的经验

Food supply control and government stockholding measures: Experiences from the evolution of U. S. Agricultural Acts

美国政府在粮食供给调控和库存管理方面积累了长期经验,本文梳理了美国自1933年第一个农业法案以来到2014年农业法案的演变历程,分析了美国在粮食供给调控和库存管理方面的短期及长期的具体措施,希望能够在保障中国粮食市场供给、优化粮食库存管理以及保障农民收入的机制设计等方面提供借鉴。

Since 2008,the government of China has implemented the policy of price support to protect farmers’income and raise grain production.However,with grain production increases,China's grain imports and inventories also grow significantly over the same period.From the international perspective,the U-nites States has accumulated over 80-year experiences of it farm policy in controlling food supply and government stockholding.This paper briefly describes the long history of U.S.farm commodity programs,from its first Agricultural Act established in 1933 to the latest one in 2014,and analyzes all related policy measures implemented in controlling food supply,adjusting government stockholding,and protecting farm income.I hope that this paper can serve as a useful reference for future reforms of China's grain or agricultural commodity markets.