美国海洋渔业资源开发的主要政策与启示

Key-Policies and Implications of Marine Fisheries Resources Development in United State

本文分析了美国海洋渔业资源开发捕捞总量变化与区域分布等特征,以及美国海洋渔业资源主要政策制定目标、实施原则及主要政策,并与中国海洋渔业政策进行比较后提出建议:科学评估中国海洋渔业资源状态,建立渔业资源可持续发展指标评价体系;根据各海域渔业资源、渔民、渔业产业及渔船分布特征,建立分区域、分品种的海洋渔业管理计划;科学设定份额管理的政策目标,并分解具体目标实施手段与措施;调整现有海洋渔业统计方式,完善海洋渔业观察、统计与监测制度。

There are many serious issues for offshore fishery resources development in China and United States,such as,recession,over fishing and pollution.How to exploit and manage the marine fishery resources and push forward the sustainable development of marine fishery?The paper analyzes the change characteristics of output and regional distribution of marine fishery development in United States,the goal of USA marine fishery policies is keep balance between development and conservation.Therefore,the paper focus on the crucial polices in USA.Such as,policy objectives,implementation principles and framework of policies,'fishery resources assessment and management,the national fishery management plan,the catch share system and national fishery observer project',and the effect of policy implementation.Compare on the differences of marine fisheries policy differences between USA and China.The paper suggest:first,to evaluate and clarify the status of marine fishery resources;second,to establish national and sub regional marine fishery management plan;third,to implantation catch share management system;fourth,to improve the Marine Fisheries observation,statistics and monitoring system.