不同地膜覆盖对土壤水温及谷子水分利用和产量构成的影响

Effects of different film mulching on soil moisture,temperature and water use efficiency,yield components of millet

为研究不同地膜覆盖材料对旱区谷子的增产效果和机理,利用田间试验研究不同地膜覆盖(白色聚乙烯地膜(WP)、白色可降解地膜(WD)和黑色可降解地膜(BD))对土壤水温、谷子叶片和群体水分利用效率及产量构成的影响。结果表明:1)与对照(CK,露地)相比,各覆膜处理均使0~20cm土层土壤温度和土壤含水量显著提高,0~100cm土层的蓄水保墒能力有所增加。其中WP处理的地温日较差最大,增温效应最明显,WD、BD处理依次减弱。WP处理的0~20cm土层保水效果最好。各覆膜处理均使谷子生育前期0~100cm土层的蓄水保墒能力提高,为谷子的需水关键期提供了保障。2)各覆膜处理均较CK使谷子的水分利用效率显著提高。其中,BD处理的叶片和群体水分利用效率表现最佳,WD较WP处理水分利用表现略差。3)各覆膜处理较CK均使谷子产量显著提高。BD处理产量最高,WP与WD处理产量相当。4)各覆膜处理中,BD处理的杂草防除效果最优,WP与WD处理效果相当。综上,在谷子田间生产中,黑色、白色可降解地膜具有替代普通聚乙烯地膜的可行性,黑色可降解地膜在水分利用和杂草防除方面表现更优。

A filed experiment was conducted to study the effects of different film mulching on the soil temperature, moisture and leaf,crop water use efficiency and yield components of millet. The results showed that： 1） All treatments significantly increased soil temperature and moisture at 0- 20 cm layer,and water storage capacity of 0- 100 cm soil layer compared with open filed （CK）. White plastic film mulching displayed the maximum daily range of soil temperature and the most noticeable warming followed by white degradable film mulching and then blacked degradable film mulching. White plastic film mulching treatment had the best water holding effects in 0 - 20 cm soil layer. All mulching treatments increased the water storage capacity in 0- 100 cm soil layer,and guaranteed the water consumption at later key water requirement period. 2） All mulching treatments significantly increased water use efficiency of millet compared with CK treatment. Blacked degradable film mulching treatment had better performance in both leaf and crop water use efficiency than those in other treatment. The water use performance of white degradable film mulching was slightly worse than that of white plastic film mulching. 3） All mulching treatments increased the yield of millet significantly compared with CK treatment. Blacked degradable film mulching treatment had the highest yield, white degradable film mulching had the same yield as white plastic film mulching treatment. 4） Blacked degradable film mulching had the best performance on weeds control effect in all treatment. White degradable film mulching had the same performance on weeds control effect compared with white plastic film mulching treatment. In summary,white and black degradable film mulching had production feasibility to replace polyethylene mulching film. Black degradable film mulching had better yield performance especially in the area with serious weed problem.