国家级新区资源环境承载力评估研究——以贵安新区为例

The Evaluation Study on Resources and Environment Bearing Capacity of State-level New Area

作为国务院批复设立的第八个国家级新区,贵安新区肩负着打造西部重要经济增长极、内陆开放型经济新高地,以及建设生态文明示范区的重要使命。在新区开发建设过程中,各种社会、经济活动都无可避免地影响着当地的资源和环境状况,尤其是在新区设立之初,高强度的开发活动将为其资源环境和经济社会的协调发展带来巨大压力,摸清其资源环境的本底情况并开展相关承载力的研究就显得十分必要,能为贵安人—地关系的协调和经济的绿色可持续发展提供重要参考。为此,文章通过调研构建一套综合评价指标体系,包括21个具体的指标,从自然资源、环境和社会经济三方面对贵安新区资源环境承载力进行系统的评价,在此基础上将贵安新区与贵州省9个市(州)以及浦东、滨海2个具有行政区划的国家级新区进行对比,从区域环境上对贵安新区未来发展的机遇与挑战进行分析,并探讨国家级新区社会经济发展与资源配置、环境保护之间的关系及其协调运作模式。研究结果表明,贵安新区资源现状优势明显,自然资源承载力水平较好,但其经济基础较差,在自然和社会和谐发展及经济快速增长的多重需求背景下,新区将要面临资源压力增大,生态环境脆弱;环境容量有限,生态功能敏感;经济支撑薄弱,生态和谐受限等一系列问题,其资源环境综合承载力有待进一步提高。

Guian New Area, the eighth National New Area ratified by the State Council, undertakes an important mission in constructing the economic growth pole in west China, new highland of inland open economy and eco-civilization demonstration zone. During the development and construction of the new area, all kind of social and economic activities inevitably affect local resources and environmental conditions, especially at the beginning, the high intensity activities will bring great pressure to the sustainable development of the resource environment. Thus, researches on the background of local resources and environmental conditions as well as the relevant bearing capacity appear to be necessary and they can provide reference for the coordination of men-land relationship and the green sustainable development of economy. In view of this, an evaluation index system which involves natural resources, environment and social economy, including twenty-one specific indicators, is set up to evaluate the resources and environment bearing capacity of Guian New Area and other nine cities in Guizhou Province as well as Pudong and Binhai New Area. Comparative analysis among these areas are made to study the potential opportunities and challenges in further development and to explore the coordinated relationship and operation mode among social economy development, resources allocation and environment protection. Results show that Guian New Area is characterized with rich resources with high carrying capacity, but poor economic foundation, thus some problems are exposed in the context of natural and social harmony development and rapid economic growth, e. g., the resources are stressed arid the eco-environment is fragile under rapid development, the environment capacity is limited and the ecological function is sensitive, the economic support is weak and the ecological harmony is restricted, implying that the comprehensive bearing capacity of resources and environment needs to be further improved.