急性白血病患者对HLA半相合造血干细胞移植的感知和体验

Qualitative study on perception and experience of HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Acute Leukemia

目的:调查急性白血病患者接受人类白细胞抗原(HLA)半相合造血干细胞移植的感知和体验。方法:采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,于2016年2-12月对8例急性白血病行HLA半相合造血干细胞移植的患者进行半结构式访谈,根据Colaizzi 7步分析法对资料进行整理分析。结果 :急性白血病患者接受HLA半相合造血干细胞移植的感知和体验可归纳为移植前对获得新生的强烈希望、移植中遭受巨大的身心痛苦、移植后出现两种不同的心理变化、承担沉重经济负担所带来的心理压力4个主题。结论 :急性白血病患者在HLA半相合造血干细胞移植不同阶段会发生不同的、复杂的感知和体验,医护人员应了解并重视患者的心理体验,帮助其应对心理问题,构建完整的护理体系,保证移植过程的顺利进行,提高移植患者的生活质量。

Objective： To investigate the perception and experience of Human Leukocyte Antigen （HLA） haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Acute Leukemia. Methods： A qualitative phenomenological research method was applied and semi-structure interview was conducted in 8 acute leukemia patients who received HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from February to December 2016. The original data were analyzed based on Colaizzi 7 steps. Results： Four themes were extracted, which included： strong hope in pre-transplantation, tremendous physical and psychological suffering during transplantation, two contrary outcomes need to be accepted after transplantation, and the mental pressure caused by heavy economic burden. Conclusion： Patients with acute leukemia who underwent HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had various, complicate, strong perceptions and experiences at different stages. Nurses should understand the patient＇s feelings and psychological needs, and pay attention to patients＇ feelings and help them cope with the mental problems. It is important to provide holistic care to ensure the smooth process of transplantation, and improve the quality of life of patients.