新疆高产春大豆鼓粒的粒位差异研究

Study on Seed Position Difference of Seed-bulging of High-yield Spring Soybean in Xinjiang

为探明新疆高产春大豆鼓粒的粒位差异,明确粒重增加的规律,2015-2016年在田间研究了金元20、11-109、新大豆27和黑农61,4个中熟高产春大豆品种(系)主茎不同节组荚、同节异荚、三粒荚各粒的鼓粒进程及单粒重的变化规律。结果表明:不同品种(系)的主茎基部1~3节的荚最早开始鼓粒、鼓粒期最长、单粒重最低,顶部倒1~3节荚始粒期最晚、鼓粒期最短,单粒重介于基部1~3节与顶部倒4~6节之间,顶部倒4~6节荚的始粒期和鼓粒期介于基部1~3节与顶部倒1~3节之间,其单粒重最大。主茎荚始粒期、鼓粒期的差异随节位的差异而增大,节组间最大差异分别为9~24 d和6~15 d;同节位的大、中荚比小荚始粒期早、鼓粒期长、单粒重大;三粒荚各粒增重速度和单粒重均表现为中>远>近粒位;鼓粒进程及单粒重的差异表现为同株异节>同节异荚>同荚异粒。鼓粒过程对大豆产量的影响是通过影响单粒重实现的,鼓粒的粒位差异大,增加大豆单株鼓粒期,对高产有利。春大豆产量5 000~5 600 kg·hm-2的单株鼓粒期为45~60 d。

This study aims to find out the increasing law of seed weight of high-yield spring soybean in Xinjiang. In the field experiment, 4 medium mature and high-yield spring soybeans（lines） including Jinyuan 20, 11-109, Xindadou 27, and Hei- nong 61, were chosen as materials, and the regularity of the stem of different section with pods, the same node with different pods and 3 seed pods of seed-bulging process, and single seed weight variation were investigated were investigated in 2015 and 2016. The result showed that the pod seed-bulging stage of the main stem with basal section （lst-3th） of different varieties （lines） were the earliest and longest, and the single seed weight was the lightest. At the top section （lst-3th） of the main stem, the initial seed stage of pod was the last, the seed-bulging stage was the shortest, and the single seed weight was be- tween the basal section （lst-3th） and the top section （4th-6th）. At the top section （4th-6th） of the main stem, the initial seed and seed-bulging stage of pod was between the basal section （lst-3th） and the top section （lst-3th） , and the single seed weight was the biggest. The initial seed and terminal seed stage of pod in the main stem increased with the differences of the node. The maximum differences were 9-24 days and 6-15 days respectively. The initial seed stage, seed-bugling stage, seed-bugling rate and single weight of large and medium pods with the same node were better than pods. Both the weight gain rate and single seed weight of 3 seed pods were middle seed （ s ） 〉 distal seed 〉 seed. The difference in the seed-bugling process and single seed weight were the same plant with different nodes 〉 the same node with different pods 〉 the same pod with different seeds. The effect of seed-bugling process on yield was affected by single seed weight. Differences in the seed po- sition of seed-bulging and increased single plant with seed-bugling stage were advantageous to high-yield. The seed-bugling stage of single plant with yield of 5 000 - 5 600 kg- ha -1 was 45-60 days.