播种密度及施肥水平对耐密植大豆合农76产量性状的影响

Effect of Sowing Density and Fertilizer Levels on the Yield Traits of High Dense Planting Soybean Cultivar Henong 76

以耐密植大豆品种合农76为试验材料,采用二因素完全随机区组设计,设置5个播种密度(25万,30万,35万,40万及45万株·hm^(-2))和6个施肥水平,研究其对大豆产量及产量相关性状的影响,探索耐密植大豆品种产量相关性状的最优配置,明确该品种最佳播种密度及施肥水平。结果表明:随着播种密度的增加,株高呈升高趋势,节数、单株荚数、单株粒数及百粒重均呈降低趋势;随着施肥水平的提高,株高、节数和百粒重呈升高趋势,单株荚数和单株粒数无明显变化规律;随着播种密度的增加及施肥水平的提高,产量均呈先升高后降低的总体趋势,最高产量处理组合各产量相关性状均未达到最佳表现,而是达到最优配置,群体产量得到最大发挥。在播种密度为40万株·hm^(-2)及施肥水平为磷酸二铵140 kg·hm^(-2)、尿素45 kg·hm^(-2)及氯化钾35 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,产量最高(3 309.77 kg·hm^(-2)),在播种密度为35万株·hm^(-2)及施肥水平为磷酸二铵120 kg·hm^(-2)、尿素40 kg·hm^(-2)及氯化钾30 kg·hm^(-2)条件下,产量次之(3 302.07 kg·hm^(-2))且差异未达到极显著水平,说明适当降低播种密度和施肥水平也能够获得较高的产量,从而达到节本、增效、环保的目的。

In this paper, the effect of sowing density and fertilizer levels on yield and yield traits were studied using high dense planting soybean cultivar Henong 76 with two factors and three repetition complete randomized block design to explore the optimal allocation of yield traits and clear the best sowing density and fertilizer levels. The results showed that the plant height increased with the increasing of sowing density and the node number, plant pod number, plant seed number, and 100- seed weight decreased. The plant height, node number, and 100-seed weight increased with the increasing of fertilizer levels and the plant pod number, and plant seed number showed no decline change. The yield increased and then decreased with the increasing of sowing density and fertilizer levels. The yield traits does not reach the best expression respective and get the opti- mal allocation on the highest yield treatments. The highest yield （3 309.77 kg·hm-1 ） treatment was on sowing density with 400 thousand plants per hectare and phosham 140 kg·hm-1 , urea 45 kg·hm-1 and kalium chloratum 35 kg·hm-1. The second yield （3 302.07 kg·hm-1 ） treatment was on sowing density with 350 thousand plants per hectare and phosham 120 kg·hm-1 , urea 40 kg·hm-1 and kalium chloratum 30 kg·hm-1. There was no significant difference between the first and second yield treatments. So it declared that suitable reduction of the sowing density and fertilizer levels could also get higher yield and more cost saving, benefit increase, and environmental protection.