旅游地特色街区的“非地方化”:制度脱嵌视角的解释

The De-localization Tendency of Tourism Streets:Based on the Perspective of Institutional Disembeddment

旅游发展与地方性之间存在既融合又冲突的矛盾关系,旅游一方面依赖于独特的地方性而产生,同时又推动地方快速卷入现代化和全球化进程而逐渐消弭地方性,使得旅游地日趋表现出"无地方性"。文章针对阳朔西街典型案例,采用观察、深度访谈、文本分析等方法,基于对地方性和无地方性相关理论的分析,探讨了旅游地特色街区的"非地方"过程与趋势,并从制度嵌入性的视角分析了旅游地特色街区出现"非地方化"的动因。结果表明:随着旅游发展条件的改变,西街的原有地方景观形态和空间功能发生嬗变,同质化的空间实践使得地方脱离了与本地历史和社会传统的联结,地方文化意义也发生流变,地方因此呈现"非地方"趋势;制度脱嵌可作为地方走向非地方的理论解释,正式制度脱嵌表征为政府管制缺位,非正式制度脱嵌表征为地方文化缺失,两者共同加速了西街的"非地方化"。文章关注现代性和流动性背景下旅游特色街区所面临的"非地方"趋势,是对地方与非地方理论的实证补充,有助于加深对旅游与地方性之间关系的再认识,从而促进旅游地的可持续发展。

Both conflict and integration exist between tourism development and special local characteristics.Tourism emerges from unique local characteristics,but also promotes the rapid modernization and globalization of local areas,thus gradually eliminating local characteristics and creating more places with placelessness.As for the typical case of Yangshuo West Street,this paper discusses the trend toward non-place of this featured street at a tourist destination based on an analysis of theories on local characteristics and non-place through observation,in-depth interviews and text analysis,and analyzes the causes of the emergence of ＂de-Localization＂ from the perspective of institutional embeddedness.The results show that with the changing conditions of tourism development,the original local landscape morphology and spatial functions of West Street have changed fundamentally,homogenized space practices have disconnected the local area from local history and social traditions,and the significance of local culture has also changed over time.Therefore,the local area shows trends of non-place,and institutional disembeddment can be deemed as a theoretical explanation for such a trend.Formal institutional disembeddment reflects a lack of government regulation and informal institutional disembeddment mirrors a lack of local culture,both of which have accelerated the emergence of the non-place of West Street.This study,which focuses on the trend of non-place faced by featured streets at tourist destinations in the context of modernization and mobilization,serves as an empirical supplement to theories about local characteristics and non-place and helps to deepen the understanding of the relationship between tourism and local characteristics,thus promoting the sustainable development of tourist destinations.