基本药物在中国——从国际理念到国家制度

Localization of Essential Medicines in China: From International Idea to National Policy

基本药物的理念最初是由世界卫生组织在20世纪70年代提出,中国是最早着手起草并拥有国家基本药物目录的少数国家之一,于2009年将其确立为中国新医改的四项基本制度之一。基本药物从世界卫生组织的一个目录逐渐演化为一个制度经过了一个较长的历史过程,本文从科学史与科学知识社会学的进路分析基本药物的政策和制度在中国的演化历程,围绕基本药物的话语转变,探究其背后隐藏的各种社会经济、医药技术、政府责任的影响,国内政策与国际关系的互动,以及国际组织—国家政府—制药企业之间的张力。

The concept of essential medicines was first promoted by the World Health Organization （WHO） in 1970s, As one of the few countries with its own national essential medicines list （EML）, China initiated the selection of national EML almost at the same time and established national essential medicines policy as one of the four vital components of Current Healthcare Reform Package. Essential medicines has gone through a winding historical process from a model list of WHO to a national system. Our research aims to trace the evolutionary trajectory of essential medicines in China via the approach of history of science and sociology of scientific knowledge, to reveal the underlying forces, including socio-economic conditions, medicine and technology, and governmental obligations, interactions between domestic policy and international relations, as well as the tensions among international organizations, national governments, and pharmaceutical industry.