从宋代花鸟画看中国传统博物

The Traditional Chinese Natural History Viewed from Flower-bird Paintings in Song Dynasty

按照多元视角、从"科学"最初的意义看来,中国传统博物毫无疑问是科学的一种形态,也是应对西方现代科学弊端更为彻底的"解药"。而宋代花鸟画正好记录了这种古老的科学活动。以宋代花鸟画为切入口,辅之以相关文字资料,可以得出中国传统博物的特点:1)物的地位高于人;2)内敛而非外扩的博物模式。中国传统博物与西方博物学在认识、改造自然上呈现出来两条完全不同的路径,虽然在功利性的层面上并不那么"有用",但在如今的语境下,很有其积极意义。

From the multiple perspectives and the original meaning of ＇science＇, Chinese traditional natural history is a form of science without doubt, and meanwhile a more hundred-percent ＇antidote＇. Flower-bird paintings in Song Dynasty rightly record this ancient scientific activity. Starting with flower-bird paintings, and combining related writing materials, the characteristics of Chinese traditional natural history are concluded： the status of nature if higher than that of human; the pattern of traditional Chinese natural history is introverted rather than outstretched. Chinese traditional nature history shows a different way from western in knowing and making use of nature, showing less useful on utilitarian perspective but rather positive in present context.