思想实验究竟是什么?——以纠缠实验的两种状态为例

What is a Thought Experiment Actually:A Case Study on The Two States of Entanglement Experiment

思想实验在本质上究竟是什么?从思想实验与经验的关系着手展开分析,可以找到一个令人信服的答案。有关思想实验与经验的关系的主张,在科学哲学史上存在着经验论与先验论两种相互对立的观点。以纠缠实验为例,该实验先后经历了思想实验和物质实验两个阶段,表明以布朗和库恩为首的先验论主张存在问题,思想实验并非一种神秘的先验认知手段,因为它可以被转化为实际的经验操作。而经验论的主张与思想实验的实际较为符合,但其代表人物诺顿却因为坚持将思想实验重构为论据,而使思想实验远离了经验基础。索伦森的"思想实验就是实验"的主张,较为接近思想实验的本来面目。但由于他忽视了"无需操作"和"无法操作"之间的区别,因而未能完全认清思想实验的本质。只有那些由于"无法操作"而设置理想化条件的实验才是真正的思想实验。

What is thought experiment in essence？ You can find a convincing answer in analyzing tlae relationship between thought experiments and experiences. With regard to the claims about the relationship between thought experiment and experience, there are two opposing opinions of empiricism and transcendentalism in the history of science and philosophy. For example, in the entanglement experiments, the experiment has two phases of thought experiments and physical experiments. It shows that there are some problems in the transcendentalism proposition which Brown and Kuhn persist. A thought experiment is not a mysterious priori cognition means, because it can be changed to the actual experience of operation. Empiricism proposition correspondence to the thought experiment more, however, its representative Norton makes thought experiment leave the thought experiment away from the empirical basis, because he insists on reconstructing thought experiments to arguments. Sorensen＇s proposition that thought experiment is just an experiment is closer to the true features of thought experiment. Neverthless, he doesn＇t fully recognize the essence of thought experiment because he ignores the difference between ＂No action＂ and the essence of ＂inoperative＂. Only the experiment treated with idealization because ＂inoperable＂ is a true thought experiment.