中毒住院患儿494例相关因素分析

Related factors analysis of 494 hospitalized children with poisoning

目的 分析住院中毒患儿的相关因素。 方法 回顾性分析494例急性中毒患儿的临床资料。根据中毒种类不同分析中毒患儿的性别、年龄、地区分布和发病季节的差异。 结果 农药中毒占28.7%，口服药物中毒占26.5%，灭害药中毒占14.4%，化工产品类中毒占12.5%，一氧化碳中毒占12.6%，食物及其他中毒占5.3%。男女性别比为1.58∶1，差异未见统计学意义（P〉0.05）。中毒高发年龄段为幼儿期，占本研究的41.3%；而学龄前组为31.6%，学龄组14.8%，婴儿组12.3%，差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。农村中毒发生率高于城市；秋季中毒发生率明显高于其他季节，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。 结论 可引起中毒的物质繁多。农村中毒的发生高于城市；幼儿组高发，秋季多发。应采取行之有效的措施减少儿童中毒的发生。

Objective To analyze the relative factors of accidental poisoning of children. Methods The clinical analysis of 494 hospitalized children with poisoning were retrospectively analyzed. According to category of poisoning, the differences of sex, age, region distribution and onset season of poisoning children were analyzed. Results Pesticides poisoning, medicine poisoning, rat-killers poi- soning, chemical poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, food and other poisoning, the proportion was 28.7% , 26.5% , 14.4% , 12. 5% , 12.6% , 5.3% respectively. The sex proportion（male/female） was 1.58：1, but there was no significant difference （P 〉 0. 05）. The age group with high incidence of poisonings was 1-3 years of age, as an early childhood, and the proportion was 41.3% ; and the early childhood group was 31.6%, school-age children group was 14. 8%, the infant was 12. 3% respectively （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Children from countryside had a high poisoning proportion, and distribution of poisoning time was regularly fluctuated with seasons, most patients occurred in autumn, and there were significant differences （ both P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Various material can cause poisoning. The proportion of poi- soning in rural area was higher than that in urban area; early childhood has a high risk of poisoning, au- tumn is the high-risk season. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the poisoning risk in children.