茶树种质资源表型遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity of Tea Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Characteristics

[目的]研究茶树种质资源的表型遗传多样性。[方法]以苏州市东山镇当地16个茶树种质资源作为试验材料,以同一时间长势良好的福鼎大白作为对照,对这17个茶树的生物学性状进行描述,并对其7个生物学性状的遗传变异、相关性及主成分进行分析。[结果]这17个茶树间存在较大差异,变异系数最大的是叶片大小,为31.49%,7个生物学性状变异系数大小依次为叶片大小(31.49%)、一芽三叶百芽重(30.80%)、一芽三叶长(19.74%)、叶片长度(16.81%)、叶片宽度(15.41%)、侧脉对数(14.29%)、叶形(13.30%);各生物学性状之间存在着广泛的联系,相关系数最大的是叶片长度与叶片大小和叶片宽度与叶片大小,均为0.92;通过主成分法分析7个生物学性状,共被分为3个主成分,累积贡献率达87.875%。[结论]该研究为茶树种质资源的保护、利用和创新提供参考依据。

[ Objective ] The genetic diversity of tea germplasm resources were studied. [ Method ] With 16 kinds of local town tea germplasm resources and Fuding Dabai collected from Dongshan town in Suzhou as test materials, biological traits were described. The genetic variation, character correlation and principal component were studied on the 17 kinds of tea germplasm resources based on 7 traits. [ Result] The widest variation was found in leaf size which had a coefficient of variance of 31. d9% followed by weight of 100 ＂ a bud and three leaves＂ （30. 80% ）, length of ＂ a bud and three leaves＂ （ 19.74% ）, leaf length （ 16. 81% ）, leaf width （ 15.41% ）, lateral vein pair number （ 14. 29% ）, leaf shape（ 13.30% ）. It revealed that abundant variation existed in these euhivars. There were significant correlations among those biological traits. The biggest correlation coefficient was 0.92 between leaf length and leaf leaf size, leaf width and leaf area. Three prin- ciple elements were obtained, which contributed over 87. 875 % of variance. [ Conclusion ] This study provided reference for the protection, uti- lization and innovation of tea germplasm resources.