大学生能力发展及其影响因素分析——基于西安交通大学大学生就读经历的调查

On College Student Competence Development and Its Influencing Factors——Based on the Survey from Xi'an Jiaotong University

整合院校影响模型及学习环境理论,基于西安交通大学本科生就读经历的调查数据,分析了大学生能力发展及其影响因素。结果显示:(1)大学生能力发展不均衡。代表学生认知能力和非认知能力发展的三个指标,增值有多有少。(2)不同因素对学生能力发展的影响在程度和方向上存在差异。在程度上,背景因素、学生投入和学习环境这三个因素的影响力依次递增;而且,课堂环境的影响大于校园氛围的影响,常规投入的影响大于在线投入的影响。在方向上,学习环境和学生投入的不同维度的影响,有的积极,有的消极。高校应重视学生能力的均衡发展,构建有利的学习环境,鼓励和支持主动学习,合理设计教学,规避被动学习。

Synthesizing college impact models and learning environment theories, emplo- ying the data from Xi＇an Jiaotong University, it analyzed college student competence devel- opment and its influencing factors. The results indicate that： it is unbalanced in student de- velopment of different abilities, with significant difference among three indexes; the influen- cing factors impact student competence development to varying degrees and in different direc- tions. To improve student competence, it proposes suggestions as follows： balancing the student competence development; cultivating the beneficial learning environment, and en- couraging effective student engagement.