酰胺酶催化合成手性氨基酸的研究进展

Research progress of enzymatic synthesis of chiral amino acids by amidase

手性氨基酸广泛应用于医药、农药、食品、化妆品等行业,开发高效、原子经济性高、环境友好的手性氨基酸合成方法具有重要的意义.酰胺酶由于其底物范围广、立体选择性专一、反应条件温和,在制备光学纯氨基酸方面具有巨大潜力.对酰胺酶的来源、分类、作用机理及在制备手性氨基酸中的应用等方面进行了综述,重点介绍了酰胺酶在制备D-苯丙氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-苯甘氨酸、O-甲基-D-丝氨酸和L-2-羧酸-哌嗪中的应用.探讨了酰胺酶存在的问题与未来的发展趋势,随着基因工程技术研究的不断深入,将会有更多的酰胺酶被开发出来并用于手性氨基酸的生产.

Chiral amino acids have been widely used in pharmaceuticals,pesticides,food and cosmetics industry.It is necessary to develop new,efficient and environmental friendly methods for the synthesis of chiral amino acids.Amidase possesses a broad substrate spectrum and high enantioselectivity for the preparation of optically pure amino acids under mild conditions.Here,the origin,classification,mechanism and application of amidase in the preparation of chiral amino acids are reviewed.The synthesis of D-phenylalanine,L-tryptophan,L-phenylglycine,O-methylD-serine and L-piperazine-2-carboxylic acid was described.The existing problems and future development of amidase are also discussed.In the near future,an increasing number of novel amidases will be screened and their potential in the production of chiral amino acids will be further exploited.