转型期东北国有林区职工家庭脆弱性分析

Vulnerability of Worker Household in Northeast State-Owned Forest Area during Transition Period

基于对东北国有林区职工家庭进行抽样调查的524份调研数据,使用家庭消费总额作为测度家庭脆弱性的指标,采用Ligon和Schechter对家庭脆弱性的测度方法对东北国有林区职工家庭脆弱性进行测度,计算出东北国有林区职工家庭脆弱性的脆弱值,并对测度结果进行分析。结果表明:在国有林区转型发展期间,东北国有林区有将近1/3的职工家庭抵抗外界经济、社会、环境变化冲击的能力不足或缺乏,其中吉林国有林区职工家庭中脆弱性家庭所占比例最小,其次为内蒙古国有林区和大兴安岭国有林区,黑龙江省国有林区职工家庭中脆弱性家庭所占比例最大,将近一半。最后,提出从消除物质资本脆弱性、人力资本脆弱性和社会资本脆弱性来提高其在改革转型期的自适应能力的建议。

⑴ Background——The abundant forest resources and the vulnerability of forestry workers household may largely restrict the processes of reform and development in state-owned forest area. Therefore,it is necessary to study the vulnerability of forestry workers household in coordinating the relationship between natural capital and social capital in state-owned forest area.⑵ Methods——The method of measuring households' vulnerability in this paper were adopted the method which was proposed by Ligon and Schechter. The data were main from the project of Livelihood Forestry in the Key State-owned Forest Region( 2013 to 2014),and the samples of 524 forestry workers household were distributed in the state-owned forest area of Heilongjiang province,Jilin province,Inner Mongolia and Da xinganling Mountain.⑶ Results——Descriptive statistics results show that the per capita consumption level of forestry workers household in state-owned forest area of Jilin province is higher than that of the other three state-owned forest areas,and the degree of vulnerability in state-owned forest area of Jilin province is lower than that of the other three state-owned forest areas. The maximum and minimum gap between the rich and the poor in the four state-owned forest areas is large,which indicates that the problem of the vulnerability of the employees in the northeastern state-owned forest area is prominent. The results of measurement analysis show that nearly one third forestry workers household are lack of the ability to resist the impact of external economic,social and environmental changes during the socio-economic transformation of the state-owned forest areas in Northeast China. Here into,there is the least proportion of vulnerability of forestry workers household in state-owned forest area of Jilin province,and the most proportion of vulnerability of forestry workers household in state-owned forest area of Heilongjiang province,the proportion of vulnerability of forestry workers household in state-owned forest areas of Inner Mongolia and Da xinganling Mountain are in the middle. The reason may be that in the four major stateowned forest areas,state-owned forest area of Jilin province was successfully reformed as early as possible,and government and enterprises have achieved effective separation of the principal and the auxiliary. And a series of reforms have promoted the economic income of forest areas,solved employment and promoted the economic development of state-owned forest area of Jilin province.⑷ Conclusions and Discussion——In summary,the trend of households' vulnerability is dynamic and a continual evolution. Because the state-owned forest area is a complex system which is composed of ecological-economic-social subsystems and each system is interconnected,so the evolution of households' vulnerability has the tendency of spreading in forest economy and ecosystem. Therefore,it is necessary to take measures in time to alleviate or eliminate this vulnerability. For example,in terms of the physical capital dimension,the government should increase investment and policies in state-owned forest area; in terms of human capital dimension,the government should constantly improve the social security system in state-owned forest area,and pay attention to the education and the training of forestry workers; in terms of social capital dimension,the government should energetically develop forestry cooperative economic organizations in state-owned forest area to provide necessary technical and information support for the survival and development of forestry workers household.