大青沟国家自然保护区不同植被类型地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究

Species Diversity of Ground Bryophyte Communities in Different Vegetation in Daqinggou National Nature Reserve

在野外样方调查的基础上研究了大青沟国家自然保护区5种不同植被类型地面生苔藓植物物种多样性及其与环境因子之间相关性。(1)共发现苔藓植物12科27属55种,以丛藓科(Pottiaceae)、青藓科(Brachytheciaceae)和真藓科(Bryaceae)等为优势科,青藓属(Brachythecium)、真藓属(Bryum)和小石藓属(Weissia)等为优势属,优势种有双色真藓(Bryum bicolor)、西伯利亚瘤冠苔(Mannia sibirica)、密叶绢藓短柄变种(Entodon compressus var.zikaiwiensis)、绒叶青藓(Brachythecium velutinum)和地钱(Marchantia polymorpha)等;(2)Alpha多样性指数中,Patrick丰富度指数6~29,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数1.439 2~2.608 0,变化规律均为:水曲柳林(Fraxinus mandschuria forest)>蒙古栎林(Quercus mongolica forest)>大果榆林(Ulmus macrocarpa forest)>西伯利亚杏灌丛(Armeniaca sibirica shrub)>羊草草地(Leymus chinensis community);Simpson优势度指数0.131 6~0.295 5,与上述两指数呈显著负相关;Pielou均匀度指数0.663 0~0.803 3,与以上指数相关性不强;(3)影响物种多样性的主要环境因子有空气湿度、土壤水分、乔木盖度和灌木盖度;(4)Bata多样性指数0~0.652 2,大果榆林与蒙古栎林之间相似度最大,羊草草地与水曲柳林之间无相似性;水曲柳林和蒙古栎林是研究区地面生苔藓植物物种多样性保护的重点。

Based on quadrat survey ground bryophytes community under five kinds of vegetations in Daqinggou National Nature Reserve,we studied the species diversity and its relationship with environmental factors.（ 1）The 55 species bryophytes belonging to 12 families and 27 genera were found,among which Pottiaceae,Brachytheciaceae and Bryaceae were the dominant families,Brachythecium,Bryum and Weissia etc. were dominant genera,and Bryum bicolor,Mannia sibirica,Entodon compressus var. zikaiwiensis and Brachythecium velutinum were dominant species;（ 2） Among Alpha diversity indexes,Patrick richness index varied from 6-29,Shannon-Wiener index from 1. 439 2-2. 608 0,and the order in natural vegetation was： Fraxinus mandschuria forest Quercus mongolica forest Ulmus macrocarpa forest Armeniaca sibirica shrub Leymus chinensis community. Simpson dominance index varied from 0. 131 6-0. 295 5,and had significant negative correlation with Patrick richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Pielou evenness index ranged from0. 663 0-0. 803 3,and had not significant correlation with the other Alpha diversity indexes;（ 3） The main environmental factors affecting the diversity of bryophytes were air humidity,soil water content,canopy coverageand shrub coverage;（ 4） Bata diversity index varied from 0-0. 652 2,with the highest species similarity between Ulmus macrocapa forest and Quercus mongolica forest,and the lowest between Leymus chinensis community and Fraxinus mandschuria forest. Fraxinus mandschuria forest and Quercus mongolica forest were the key area for diversity conservation of bryophyte in Daqinggou National Nature Reserve.