灌服噬菌体对白羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响

Effects of bacteriophages on intestinal microbiota of white feather broilers by oral adminstration

目的研究噬菌体Bp4和Bp7对白羽肉鸡生产性能及其肠道菌群多样性和结构的影响。方法选用14日龄白羽肉鸡30只,随机分为对照组(灌服灭菌生理盐水)、Bp4组(灌服109PFU噬菌体Bp4)和Bp7组(灌服109PFU噬菌体Bp7)。收集粪便,检测粪便中细菌总数、大肠菌群数及粪便中噬菌体的含量;测定各组肉鸡料重比;收集盲肠内容物,用高通量测序技术分析肠道中微生物群落结构和组成的变化。结果与对照组比较,各组料重比无明显差异(P>0.05);Bp4组和Bp7组粪便中细菌总数和大肠菌群数均明显减少(P<0.05);肠道菌群多样性及主要的菌群丰度无显著差异(P>0.05),埃希菌属细菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论灌服噬菌体能够特异性的降低大肠菌群数量,但不影响肠道正常菌群的多样性和结构,同时不影响肉鸡的生产性能。因此噬菌体制剂在防治肉鸡大肠埃希菌病方面具有潜在的应用价值。

Objective To investigate the effects of bacteriophages named as Bp4 and Bp7 on bacterial diversity and species diversity of intestinal microbiota, and the production performance of white feather broilers. Methods Thirty of 14-day old white feather broilers were randomly allotted to control group （fed with sterilized saline）, Bp4 group （fed with 109 PFU Bp4）, and Bp7 group （fed with 109 PFU Bp7）. Fresh fecal samples were collected to count the number of total sums of bacteria, coliform bacteria, and phage. The feed conversion ratios were calculated. Caecal content samples were collected for the analysis of the microbial community and composition by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in the feed conversion ratio （P〉0.05）; the total number of bacteria and coliform bacteria in feces significantly decreased （P〈0.05） and the intestinal flora diversity and the abundance of main intestinal bacteria showed no significant differences （P〉0.05）.However, the bacterial quantity of Escherichia decreased significantly （P〈0.05）. Conclusions Phage Bp4 and Bp7 could specifically reduce the number of Escherichia coli, but not affect the normal bacterial diversity and species abundance of intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, phages had no effects on the broilers growth. Therefore, the phage preparation had potential application value in the prevention of colibacillosis.