不同无核葡萄品种花粉贮藏及其生活力的测定

Pollen Storage Condition and Viability of Different Seedless Grape Cultivars

以‘京丰无核’‘爱神玫瑰’‘杨格尔’‘奥迪亚无核’和‘奇妙无核’5个葡萄品种的花粉为试验材料,撒播在10%蔗糖+10 mg·L^(-1)硼酸+6 g·L^(-1)琼脂的培养基上进行离体培养,研究不同处理方法(液氮未处理、液氮处理)、不同温度(25、0、-20、-40、-80℃)、不同贮藏时间(1、3、5 d)对5种葡萄花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:‘爱神玫瑰’的单花药花粉量最多,达到(5 446±80)粒;‘京丰无核’的新鲜花粉生活力最高,为(68.19±2.98)%,‘奇妙无核’的新鲜花粉没有萌发。液氮未处理和处理后观察发现,液氮处理后花粉生活力远远低于液氮未处理的,液氮未处理的同一品种不同处理花粉生活力对比发现,最适宜长期贮藏的温度是-80℃,其次是-40℃,25、4、-20℃条件下贮藏花粉生活力降低较快。不同品种花粉贮藏后,‘京丰无核’花粉萌发率最高,为(55.87±1.14)%,较差的是‘杨格尔’,其花粉萌发率比‘京丰无核’花粉萌发率低17.84%,‘奇妙无核’没有萌发,杂交授粉时,适宜的父本为‘京丰无核’‘爱神玫瑰’与‘奥迪亚无核’。

With the pollen of five grapes of Jingfeng Seedless, Eggplant, Youngle, Otilia Seedless and Fantasy Seedless, and the medium of 10% sucrose＋lO mg · L^-1 boric acid＋6 g·L^-1 agar, we studied the effects of different treatment conditions （ Liquid nitrogen treatment, or not）, different temperature （ 25℃, 0℃, -20℃, -40℃, -80℃ ） and different storage time （ 1, 3, 5 d） on the pollen viability. The pollen amount of the single anther of Eggplant was 5 446±80, it was the lar- gest number. The highest fresh pollen viability was Jingfeng Seedless of （68.19±2.98）%. The fresh pollen viability of Fan- tasy Seedless was the lowest, it could not germinate. Before all these pollens were storied, they were treated by liquid nitro- gen or not, the effect of no liquid nitrogen was better. Under the condition of no liquid nitrogen, -80 ℃ was the most ap- propriate storage temperature. The better appropriate storage temperature was -40 ℃. A large difference was among differ- ent grape cultivars. Jingfeng Seedless pollen germination rate was the largest of （55.87±1.14）%, and Youngle pollen ger- mination rate was the smallest. These suitable male parents were Jingfeng Seedless, Eggplant and Otilia Seedless.