陶渊明王弘交游新考

A Study of the Contacts between Tao Yuanming and Wang Hong

大约元兴三年(404)闰五月,陶渊明东下京口,出任刘裕镇军参军。同一时期,王弘也在刘裕幕中,二人应在此时相识。史籍中,王弘于义熙末"欲识之(陶渊明)"的记载应予以否定。因政治态度不同,陶渊明于义熙末年拒绝征聘,且不愿与任江州刺史的王弘相见,即史籍所言"不能致也"。王弘设计于半道拦截后,陶渊明在谨守遗民节操的前提下,与之保持着私人交往。这也是晋宋之际陶渊明对待其他仕宋友人的交游原则。明了陶渊明与王弘的"旧知"关系,还可以证明陶诗《于王抚军座送客》并非伪作。对陶、王交游的考察,可见陶渊明在晋宋之际的政治品节。

In the lunar May of 404 AD, Tao Yuanming went to Jing Kou and to be a staff officer of Liu Yu. At the same time, Wang Hong also worked for Liu Yu. The two men＇s first meeting should happen at this time. However, the historic record says that Wang Hong ＂wanted to know him but could not get him contacted＂ at the end of the year 405, this is not accurate. Due to their different political attitudes, Tao refused to become a government official and to meet with Wang Hong any more, this is what the ＂could not get him contacted＂ means. Wang eventually managed to meet Tao on the road with a small trick. After that, Tao Yuanming only kept a private contact with Wang without betraying his political standard, which is a principle of many adherents of the former dynasty at that period of the political transition. This study can also proof one of Tao＇ s farewell poem related to Wang is not a fake. The relationship between Tao and Wang demonstrates Tao＇s political integrity.