微咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量及农艺性状的影响

Study on the Impact of Saline Water with Different Materialization Degree on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

为了研究天津地区微咸水灌溉对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响,布置了5个不同矿化度微咸水(1、2、3、4、5 g/L)及淡水(CK)的田间灌溉试验,试验通过冬小麦耗水规律进行微咸水灌溉调控。研究结果表明:不同盐浓度微咸水对冬小麦农艺性状均有影响,总体上呈现出,小麦株高、叶面积随微咸水矿化度的增高而减小的趋势,其中4与5 g/L的微咸水灌溉下影响显著,小麦株高减少17.68%、23.84%,叶面积减小29.12%、36.31%。;微咸水矿化度的增高,使耗水强度呈现出变弱趋势,但在1与2 g/L盐水胁迫下,使得土壤渗透势提高,促进作物根系对土壤水分的吸收,并且在一定的盐胁迫下,使得干物质向小麦籽粒中转移,从而提高了小麦产量。用矿化度3 g/L以上的微咸水在灌溉冬小麦过程中,主要根层出现土壤盐分积累现象,但配合种植夏玉米,淡水压盐,土壤中含盐量明显下降,对冬小麦种植影响较小。

In order to study the effect of irrigation with different salinity brackish water on characters and yield of winter wheat, 5 treatments with different brackish water salinity of 1 to 5 g/L and fresh water （CK） are set. The brackish-water irrigation experiment is controlled through the water consumption rule of winter wheat. The research results show that： different salt concentration brackish water all affect the agronomic traits of winter wheat; on the overall, the plant height and leaf area of wheat decreases with the increase of brackish water salinity, and the treatments with 4 and 5 g/L of brackish water irrigation has the more significant effect, the plant height decreases by 17.68% and 23.84%, and the leaf area decreases by 29.12% and 36.31%, respectively; with the increase of brackish water salinity, the water consumption intensity presents a weakening trend, but under 1 and 2 g/L salt stress, the osmotic potential of the soil increases, the absorption of crop root system for soil moisture is promoted, and the dry matter moves to the grain under certain salt stress, thus the yield of wheat is improved. During the winter wheat irrigation process with 3 -5 g/L of brackish water salinity, soil salt accumulation phenomenon appears in the main root layer, while with summer corn plantation, leaching salt with fresh water, the soil salinity decreases obviously, and the effect on winter wheat planting is little.