紫苏的活性成分及其应用研究

The Active Ingredients of Perilla frutescens and Their Application Research

紫苏的梗、叶和籽中富含色素、萜类物质、酚类物质、脂肪酸以及黄酮类物质等多种活性成分,都有很好的医用和食用价值。紫苏在食品中可以起到抗菌、着色、调味等功能;在药品中可以起到降低血脂、预防心脑血管疾病、提高记忆力、抗氧化、抗抑郁、抑制酶活性等功能。紫苏叶常用来治疗感冒风寒、咳嗽、气喘,因其具有独特风味在饮料行业也有广泛的应用。紫苏梗有止痛安胎、理气宽中的功效,可以用来开发孕妇的保健品。紫苏籽富含油脂,不仅可用来生产保健食用油,还可以用来生产化妆品中的精油,具有良好的抗菌活性。文章综述了紫苏的活性成分、提取物特性及其在食品和药品中的应用,着重阐述了紫苏的抗菌机理,为其在食品防腐剂中的应用研究提供更好的理论依据。

The stems, leaves and seeds of Perilla frutescens contain many active ingredients, such as pigment, terpenoids, phenols, fatty acid, flavonoids and so on, which have good medical and edible value. Perilla frutescens has antibacterial, coloring, seasoning and other functions in the food and plays a role in lowering blood lipids, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, improving memory, antioxidant, antidepressant, inhibiting enzyme activity in the medicine. The leaves of Perilla frutescens are commonly used to treat colds, coughs, asthma, it also has a wide range of application because of its unique flavor in the beverage industry. The stems of Perilla frutescens have the effect of analgesic tonic, can be used to develop pregnant women＇s health care products. The seeds of Perilla frutescens are rich in oil, can not only be used to produce health edible oil, but also be used to produce essential oil in cosmetics, have good antibacterial activity. In this paper, the active ingredients, characteristics of the extract and application of Perilla frutescens in the food and medicine are reviewed. The antibacterial mechanism of Perilla frutescens is expounded, which has provided a better theoretical basis for its application in food preservatives.