我国南方稻米的现状及对策

Thoughts on the Current and Potential Uses of Rice in Southern China

籼稻作为我国南方主食原料,2016年产量2 759亿斤,占稻谷总产量的66%。籼稻因储藏性能稳定,一直被国家作为常规战略储备粮。但近年来,南方籼稻大范围爆发镉超标事件、且储备粮2~3年的轮换制度使得籼米作为口粮食用,其品质不如新粮,因此可以考虑将籼稻主要作为食品加工业的原料。然而统计表明,我国稻谷的工业用粮在2016年仅为总产量的5.4%,与发达国家加工食品约为70%的总量差距相当大,因而提倡加大研发出口,推进籼稻的食品工业化。研究表明,以鲜湿米粉为代表的发酵米制品可以自然降镉;同时作为原料,储藏后的籼米比新米更为有利于产品品质的提升。因此本文拟通过对以鲜湿米粉为代表的特色发酵米制品的发酵工艺的研究现状和发展趋势进行综述介绍,以期为拓宽南方稻米的深加工应用思路提供对策。

lndica rice is the staple food in southern China. In 2016, the yield of indica rice was 275.9 billion kilograms, accounting for 66% of the total grain yield. Because indica rice shows stable storage performance, it is regularly used as a strategic grain reserve by the state. The widespread cadmium contamination of southern indica rice in recent years and the 2 - 3 years rotation system of grain reserves means that the indica rice now being consumed as food is of poorer quality than fresh grains. Therefore, indica rice is one of the main raw materials used in the food processing industry. However, the statistics show that processed rice accounted for only about 5.4% of the total rice yield in China in 2016, compared with approximately 70% of the grain yield that is processed in developed countries. Thus, it is important to advance research and development on processing to promote the industrialization of indifa rice. Studies have shown that fermented rice products, for example, fresh fermented rice noodles, show reduced cadmium content. Compared with new rice grains, stored indica rice has more potential for an increase in quality by processing. In this paper, therefore, we use fresh rice noodle as example describe the status and development of research on processed foods made from rice in order to highlight some strategies for further processing of rice in southern China.