《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》探析

Analysis of the Report on the national general survey of soil contamination

土壤污染数据的解读对于土壤污染的判断、土壤修复方法的选择、土壤管理的策略乃至土壤污染立法都有巨大的影响。2014年《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》公布之后,人们普遍对我国的土壤污染现状有了初步了解,但公众也惊讶于其污染程度,也有不少人对污染程度的划分、点位超标率的判断不甚了解。本文从镉的特性、标准和时间、空间、粮食超标率等角度做一些解读,旨在帮助人们对这些静态的调查结果产生动态的理解,客观看待土壤污染,高度重视粮食安全,同时期待目前在向全社会征求意见的《土壤污染防治法》能在污染源削减问题上得到加强,整个土壤污染防治工作,不仅需要注意土壤重金属量的减少或者固定,更应该重视土壤环境质量的概念,以土壤健康为目标,构建土壤污染的防治体系。

Interpretation of data of soil heavy metals is crucial for correctly understanding soil pollution, choice of correct remediation method,soil management and even for effective soil legislation. On April 17, 2014, The release of the Report on the national general survey of soil contamination gave the public a rough understanding on the soil pollution status in China, more puzzles, however, provoked from this too-short article. This paper tries to give a clear picture on the pollution status from the point view of time and special scale, the properties of cad-mium, and the exceedance rate of cadmium over hygiene standard in food safety. It is hoped the conclusion drawn from the paper could give some advice for the Law of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control.