三种环境材料对土壤水肥保持效应的影响研究

Effect of three kinds of environmental materials on soil moisture and fertility conservation

采用土柱淋溶实验方法,探究了土壤保水剂、腐植酸和沸石对土壤水分保持、控氮释磷的效应,通过过程分析探讨水肥保持增效的机制。试验结果表明:保水剂对土壤水分保持效果最明显,沸石对氮肥保持和磷肥活化效果最好,在一定范围内随添加量增多效果有增强趋势且效果持久;当保水剂添加量为2 g·kg^(-1)时,土壤水分淋出量相比CK减少4.4%,腐植酸添加量为1.0 g·kg^(-1),氮素淋出量相比CK减少17.4%,沸石添加量为12 g·kg^(-1)时,磷素淋出量相比CK增加68.0%;沸石添加量为9 g·kg^(-1)时,氮磷肥同步增效最好,相比CK,土壤氮素淋出量减少25.1%,磷素淋出量增多29.2%。研究表明,三种环境材料施用对土壤水肥保持具有明显的增强效果。

This study used the soil column leaching method to assess the effects of super absorbent polymer, humic acid, and zeolite on soil moisture retention, nitrogen conservation, and phosphorus activation synergism, and examined the mechanism of water and fertilizer conservation synergism through process analyzing. The results showed that：The super absorbent polymer had the best effect on soil moisture, while zeolite was the most effective for nitrogen conservation and phosphorus activation, and this effect was durable and increased with the amount of zeolite within certain limits. Compared to CK, the addition of 2 g·kg6-1of super absorbent polymer led to a decreased by 4.4% in the water leaching rate. Similarly, with the addition of 1.0 g·kg^-1humic acid, the leaching rate of nitrogen decreased by 17.4%; and with the addition of 12 g·kg^-1of zeolite, the leaching rate of phosphorus increased by 68.0%. Compared to CK, the nitrogen leaching rate decreased by 25.1%and the phosphorus leaching rate increased by 29.2% with the addition of 9 g·kg6-1of zeolite. In conclusion, the application of three environmental materials significantly improved soil water and fertilizer conservation.