封建、郡县之变中儒学演进的历史考察——层累成长的古史与记忆重构中的今古文经学

A Historical Investigation of the Evolution of Confucianism in the Transition of Feudal and County:A Study of Jin-Gu Scriptural Studies and Ancient History in a View of Historical Memory

自20世纪70年代以来,对"集体记忆"的讨论一直是国际学术界热点问题,但很少有学者将之运用至古典经学思想史领域。春秋以降,在封建、郡县大的时代变局中两个社会结构变迁运动相向而行:一是由封建贵族氏族社会向郡县制家父长制社会转变;二是伴随整个社会家父长制化进程,家父长统治下的私臣属役整体地向具有相对平等身份的国家编户齐民转变。孔子游团儒学在这一社会变迁运动中应运而生,对儒学历史记忆的形成起到了重要作用,也下开了战国秦汉德治主义和礼治主义两条思想路径。在历史记忆的断裂、成长与文献重构中,古史在绵延中层累地成长,思想的历史亦随之突破。围绕帝国如何构建,汉初形成了今古文经学"天人"、"天礼"之学的两大儒学系统。

Since the 1970s,the discussion of 'collective memory' has been a hot topic in international academia,but few scholars have applied it into the field of classical scriptural studies.During the later Spring and Autumn period,the two movements of social structural change took place in the opposite direction:first,a change from the society of the feudal aristocratic clan to the county system of patriarchy society;and second,with the process of patriarchy society,private servants under paternalism wholly turn into 'national resident' who have a relatively equal status.Confucianism as a 'wandering group' came into being in this social movement,which plays an important role in the historical memory of Confucianism.It also opens the two ideological doors of Confucian Moralization and Etiquette from the Warring States to Qin and Han empires.In the fracture,growth and reconstruction of the historical memory,the ancient history has an accumulative growth,and the history of the thought also come up a breakthrough.There formed two great Confucian systems in the early Han Dynasty,which could call them the system of 'Heaven and Man' and 'Heaven and Etiquette' this ancient classics 'Heaven' .