德育改革的伦理学视角

The Perspectives of Moral Education Reform

德育改革总会出现不同的主张。德育改革的冲突背后隐含了情感主义与理性主义的伦理学分歧。情感主义伦理学强调德育的基础是个人的自然情感和个人的自然权利。立足于情感主义伦理学的德育改革重视个人的自然情感和自然权利的追求与满足。理性主义伦理学要么强调共同体的公共福祉要么重视个人的纯粹善良意志。理性主义伦理学主要适用于据乱世的德育意识形态;情感主义伦理学主要适用于太平世的德育意识形态。小康社会或升平世的德育往往选择中庸观念。中庸主义伦理学意味着既重视个人的自然情感和自然权利的满足,同时又强调以理制欲。

Moral education reform results in different approaches underlying assumption of emotivism and rationalism in the field of ethics. The emotivism-based moral education focuses the individual emotion and natural right. In contrast, the rationalism-based moral education attaches more importance to the public welfare or the pure good will. The emotivism-based moral education should be perfectly adequate for the Peace World. And the rationalism-based moral education should be propitious to the Chaos World. The concept of the mean may provide an alternative to the Developing World or the well-off society would. The moderatism of ethics would pay attention to the natural right as well as the rational spirit.