社区老年人跌倒发生情况及家庭环境危险因素分析

Status and home environment-related risk factors for falls among older adults living in the urban community

目的了解城市社区老年人跌倒发生情况及主要家庭环境危险因素,为开展针对性干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在慈溪市抽取2个街道,每个街道抽取1个社区,纳入≥60岁居住满1年的老年人进行跌倒情况问卷调查,并对家庭环境中的致跌因素进行现场观察评估。结果共调查993人,跌倒发生率为14.90%,其中女性跌倒发生率为17.19%,高于男性的12.47%(P<0.05)。跌伤109人,跌伤发生率为10.98%,女性跌伤发生率为13.87%,高于男性的7.69%(P<0.05)。家庭环境中存在致跌危险因素比例最高的区域为卫生间(93.62%)和客厅(85.02%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,过道地毯不平整(OR=3.542,95%CI:1.235~10.161)和卧室床边有杂物(OR=8.611,95%CI:2.051~36.574)是居家老年人发生跌倒的主要环境危险因素。结论老年人跌倒发生率为14.90%,过道地毯不平整和卧室床边有杂物是发生跌倒的主要危险因素。

Objective To study the status and environment-related risk factors for falls among older adults in the urban community,and to provide evidences for the development of specific interventions.Methods A total of 993 older adults aged ≥60 years old from 2 communities in Cixi City were selected by stratified cluster sampling.Face-to-face interview and field investigation were carried out to collect participants＇ basic information,the situation and environment-related risk factors for falls occurred to them from November 2012 to October 2013.Results The overall incidence of falls was14.90%,and it was significantly higher in wowen（17.19%） than in men（12.47%）（P0.05）.There were 109 participants reported to have fall-related injury with an incidence of 10.98%（109/993）.Moreover,the incidence of fall-related injury for women（13.87%） was significantly higher than that for men（7.69%）（P0.05）.Among them,35.14% falls occurred in home,the washroom（93.62%） and drawing room（85.02%） had higher proportion of having falling-related environmental risk factors.The multivariate logistic analysis showed that uneven carpet in aisle（OR=3.542,95%CI：1.235-10.161） and having clutters beside the bed（OR=8.611,95%CI：2.051-36.574） were two main environmental risk factors for elder falls in home.Conclusion The incidence of falls of older adult in Cixi was 14.90%.Uneven carpet in aisle and having clutters beside the bed were two main environmental risk factors for falls among the elderly at home.