中国农业对外直接投资区位选择的影响因素研究

Empirical Analysis on Determinants for Location Choice of China's Overseas Agricultural Investment

文章选取截至2014年末838家中国农业对外直接投资境内主体设立的994家境外企业为样本,以反映东道国的区位优势以及制度因素为主要考察变量,并综合考虑东道国与中国的地理距离和农产品贸易、东道国通讯能力等因素,选择12个自变量,运用条件Logit模型对中国农业对外直接投资区位选择的影响因素进行分析,揭示了影响中国农业生产环节和营运环节对外直接投资区位分布的因素异同。研究结果表明:东道国的农业自然资源和市场规模及潜力均对吸引中国农业投资具有很大的影响;东道国经济和法律制度的质量对中国农业对其投资决策具有显著正向作用,而政治制度质量则表现出显著的负效应;东道国的农业外资开放度、农产品贸易依赖度、通讯能力以及与中国的地理距离等对中国农业对其投资也有着重要影响;中国农业对外直接投资在生产环节和营运环节的区位分布既有共性影响因素,也有差异因素。

This paper takes 994 overseas enterprises established by around 838 domestic companies as China＇s overseas agricultural investment by 2014 as samples,using location advantages reflecting the host country and institutional factors as the main survey variables,considers comprehensively other factors such as the geographic distance and agricultural trade between host country and China,telecommunication capacity,selects 12 independent variables,and applies Conditional Logit model to study their impact on the location decision making of China＇s overseas agricultural investment,and also explore influencing factors of agricultural invest-ment in the links of production and operation. Analysis indicates that such factors including endorsement of agricultural natural resources and market potential in the host country have significant impact on agricultural FDI attraction. The quality of host countries＇ economic and legal institutions has significant effect on agricultural FDI location choice; but the quality of political institutions has a negative effect. The openness of agricultural FDI,trade dependence of agricultural products,telecommunication capacity in the host country as well as geographic distance with China are also obviously correlated with location choices of China＇s overseas agricultural investment. The results also suggest there are more common factors than decisive factors on location choice of China＇s overseas agricultural investment in the links of production and operation.