纤维素基气凝胶材料及其应用研究进展

Application Research Progress of Cellulose-Based Aerogels

现代工业的快速发展,石油基聚合物过度消耗引发了非可再生资源短缺和环境污染双重危机,同时也激发人类利用天然高分子材料创造绿色新材料。纤维素作为地球上当今自然界中储量最大的天然高分子原材料,由于其极强的可再生性,广泛的应用,低廉的成本,良好的生物相容性和易降解性备受关注。与此同时,纤维素气凝胶作为继无机气凝胶及杂化聚合物气凝胶之后逐渐兴起的第三代气凝胶材料,在兼具传统气凝胶高比表面积、高孔隙率、低密度性质基础上融入纤维素材料可重复再生、易降解、相容性好等特性,同时还具备了良好的机械性能和延展性,在隔热、吸附、催化、电磁、生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用前景,成为了新材料研究的热点之一。从纤维素的溶解及纤维素基气凝胶材料的制备与改性入手,介绍了纤维素基气凝胶的性能提升及功能性开发最新研究结果,综述了纤维素基气凝胶材料在不同领域应用进展,并对纤维素基气凝胶材料的未来发展进行展望。

With the rapid development of modern industry,the dual threats of the depletion of nonrenewable energy and the environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based polymers motivate utilization of naturally occurring polymers to create new ＆quot;green＆quot; materials.Cellulose,as the most abundant natural polymer on earth,has attracted attention due to its renewability,wide availability,low-cost,biocompatibility and biodegradability,etc.Meanwhile,Cellulose aerogel,as the new generation succeeding the inorganic and hybrid polymer-based aerogel,has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industry,attributing to the combination of the advantages of highly porous materials and the characteristics of natural-polymer materials.It possesses a high surface area,high porosity and extremely low density as same as previous aerogel,but also shows some unique properties such as renewability,easy degradability and biocompatibility,goodmechanical properties and ductility,which give it potential value in the field of heat insulation,adsorption,catalysis,electricity and magnetism,biomaterial and pharmaceutical,etc.This review aims to describe new research progress of cellulose aerogel on the performance and functionality,and summarize the recent development of cellulose-based aerogel in various regions based on dissolving cellulose,preparation and modification.