基于双向选择的新型农村土地流转制度探析——兼论单向性流转制度的缺陷

Analysis of a New Transfer System of Rural Land Based on Bidirectional Choice—— Discussion on the Flaw of Unidirectional Transfer System

结构转型背景下,中国农村土地流转制度正逐步完善,流转方式日益丰富。从初期农户之间的土地转包到当前农户、中间组织与农企之间流转,中国农村土地流转制度的演进与市场经济改革的深入进程密切关联。对现有若干种农村土地流转制度的分析发现,它们存在一个共同的缺陷,即流转方向的单向性。在单向性流转制度下,土地的流动性受到限制,抑制了流转市场主体土地经营权流转的积极性,违背了市场准入与退出机制。鉴于该缺陷,建议今后实行双向选择的新型农村土地流转制度。在该新型土地流转制度下,农户、中间组织与农业生产公司等主体均具备可进可退的双向选择空间,各方参与土地流转经营的积极性可以得到有效保障。

Under the background of transformation, the transfer system of Chinese rural land improved gradually with more and more transfer modes. The progress of Chinese rural land transfer system closely related to market system reform from internal transfer among farmers early to the transfer mode including farmers, intermediate organization and agricultural enterprises. We made an analysis on the existing rural land transfer systems and found a common flaw which they all owned. The flaw is that all the transfer systems showed unidirectional. The mobility of rural land was limited by the unidirectional transfer systems, which suppressed the enthusiasm of market subject to participate in land business transfer and varied from market access and withdrawal mechanism. Based on the flaw, we made a suggestion that we should take the bidirectional choice rural land transfer system. Under the new transfer system, they all would have bidirectional choice, including farmers, intermediate organization and agricultural enterprises. The enthusiasm of each partner in rural land transfer market would be guaranteed under the new transfer system of rural land.