木拱桥结构形式及中国编木拱技术研究价值

Timber arch bridge structural type and the value of China woven timber arch bridge technology

木拱桥在桥梁史中占有重要的地位,文章主要对其发展历史和结构形式,特别是我国的编木拱桥进行了探讨。木拱桥拱肋结构形式可分为木肋、木桁肋、编木拱和其它4种。其中,木肋和木桁肋主要分布在欧洲,而编木拱仅在中国建有并大量留存。同时,肋拱和桁拱在其他材料拱桥中也有大量的应用,并不是木拱的特有形式,而中国编木拱结构形式在其他材料拱桥中并未见到。同时,编木拱相关试验结果与理论分析表明,其结构受力特点与现有结构力学分析结果存在较大差异,并不属于一般的二维平面或三维空间杆系结构。因此,开展编木拱的力学计算方法研究,对于发展结构力学理论也具有重要的理论意义。

Timber arch bridges acted an important role in the history of bridges,its structural type and development,especially China woven timber arch are discussed in this paper. The structure types of timber arch can be simply divided into four types： timber rib,timber truss rib,woven timber rib and other small minority type. Timber rib and timber truss rib are mainly in Europe,and now,the woven timber rib is only in China with a large number. Rib arch and truss rib arch are not the unique forms for timber arch bridges,they are also usually used in other materials arch bridges,but for woven arch rib,it is only used in timber arch bridge. According to the relevant test and theory analysis results,there are some difference between Woven arch rib actual mechanism behavior with the ideal structural solutions.China woven timber rib is not the two dimension plane or three dimension space structures,so,research on the unique structure has a great significance of developing the structural mechanics theory.