中国亚热带4种森林服务功能价值与补偿标准研究

Four kinds of China subtropical forest service function value and compensation standard research

探索森林生态服务、生态补偿和生态经营的协同关系与耦合机制,能够实现以生态补偿带动精准扶贫,将生态环境退化与经济贫困恶化的困局兼而治之。运用森林外业调查、内业实验等方法,对南方红壤丘陵山地4种森林类型进行研究,测算结果表明:阔叶纯林在水源涵养和固土保肥功能方面优于针阔混交林和针叶纯林;针叶纯林的土壤碳储量最高;针阔混交林的植被固碳、生物多样性和综合效益均优于其他三种森林类型。提出成本法和效益法补偿标准的思路,并测算出4种森林的成本法补偿标准分布区间为638.25~679.50元/hm^2,成本法能够反映社会经济要素的变化,但无法体现林分质量和经营水平等要素的差异,难以实现激励相容;效益法补偿标准的分布范围是1 806.45~2 508.00元/hm^2,能够动态响应自然地理、生物物理等时空异质性要素的变化,更有效率。

Exploring the collaborative relationship and coupling mechanism between the forest ecological service, ecological compensation and ecological management, can promote to realize precision ecological compensation to the poor and conquer the dilemma of the deterioration of the ecological environment and the deterioration of the economic poverty. Four kind＇ s types of forest of red soil hilly region of southern China were studied by the methods of forest survey outdoor and experiment indoor. The caleulative results show that the function of broad leaved forest was superior to mixed forest of coniferous and broad leaved and pure coniferous forest in water conservation and soil conservation. Mixed forest performs best in vegetation carbon sequestration, biodiversity and comprehensive benefits. Then we put forward two kinds of compensation standard which is based on cost and benefit respectively. We calculate that the compensation standard based on cost method ranges from 638.25 to 679.50 yuan per hectare. The cost method reflecting the change of social economic factors, which however can＇t mirror the quality of forest stand and management level, is difficult to realize incentive compatibility. The compensation standard of benefit method distributing from 1 806.45 to 2 508.00 yuan per hectare, which is dynamic response to spatial and temporal heterogeneity elements such as natural geography, biology, physical changes, is more efficient to promote forest protection.