成本视角下全要素能源生产率评价与解构

Evaluating and decomposing of total factor energy productivity based on cost perspective

本文依据中国"低成本"竞争模式,基于"要素价格"和"多产出"的双约束,构建一种新型的全要素能源生产率指数,并沿着"要素价格-成本权衡-区域能源效率变化"的逻辑链条,从成本视角对全要素能源生产率指数解构,探寻中国区域能源效率的时空分布特征以及根本动因,研究表明:1)要素价格扭曲的"低成本"策略通过技术效率和要素配置效率影响全要素能源生产率的变动,且后者逐渐成为影响我国区域全要素能源生产率指数变动的关键因素.2)就全国而言,能源利用效率和能源配置效率在节能减排政策实施前后有显著的跳跃性增长,说明市场化进程加快、节能减排政策实施能显著提高我国整体能源利用效率和配置效率.3)东部地区能源利用效率表现较好,但因要素市场扭曲程度较高,能源配置效率相对较低;中西部地区技术水平较低,但要素市场扭曲程度相对较小,短期内市场化改革决定的要素配置效率对区域全要素能源生产率提升更重要。

According to the China ＂low cost＂ competition model, considering the factors price and multi- outputs, this paper constructs a new total factor energy productivity index. Along the ＂factors of price-cost tradeoffs-regional energy efficiency change＂ chains of logical analysis, deconstruct the index from the dy- namic perspective, search for the motivation and distribution pattern and characteristics of China＇s regional total factor energy productivity： 1） Factor price distortions of ＂low cost＂ policy affects total factor produc- tivity through technical efficiency arid allocation efficiency. 2） In terms of the country, utilization efficiency and energy allocation efficiency both perform a significant jump in before and after energy conservation and emissions reduction policy, marketization process speeding and energy policy can significantly improve the overall energy utilization efficiency and allocative efficiency. 3） Eastern energy efficiency performance is good, but due to the higher level of distortion factor market, energy allocation efficiency is relatively low; Midwest technology level is low, but the level of distortion factor market is relatively small, short-term market reform decision factor allocation efficiency of regional total factor productivity of energy is more important.