后工业化背景下欧美典型国家铁路运输发展趋势及启示

Development Trend and Revelation of Railway Transportation in Typical Countries of Europe and America under the Background of Post-industrialization

后工业化阶段,探寻铁路运输发展趋势,解析趋势变化的原因对于国民经济转型背景下的中国铁路发展具有十分重要的现实意义。通过分析美国、德国、法国、俄罗斯等欧美国家后工业化特征,认为经济结构、特定国情、政府政策、经营创新等共同构成了各国铁路运输趋势变化的主因,提出目前我国铁路发展具有良好的复合性条件,并借鉴典型国家的发展经验,从完善市场化改革的配套政策体系、推进企业混合所有制改革、持续推进铁路全面创新、积极开拓国内外运输市场等方面提出对我国铁路运输的启示及建议。

In the post-industrialization stage, the exploration on railway transport development and analyses on reasons of the trend change have an important realistic meaning in Chinese railway development under the background of national economy transition. Through analyzing the post-industrial characteristics in United States, Germany, France and Russia, the main reasons, which cause the trend change of railway transportation in different countries being considered to be constituted together, are economic structure, specific national conditions, government policy and business innovation. This paper points out Chinese railway has good composite conditions for development, and through referring development experience of typical countries, the paper puts forward revelation and suggestions on Chinese railway transportation from the aspects, such as improving support policy system for market-based reform, promoting mixed ownership reform as well as railway overall innovation, and actively expanding transport market at home and abroad.