木竹材防腐技术研究概述

A review on the development of wood and bamboo preservation

从防腐剂、处理工艺和改性防腐等方面阐述了木竹材防腐的发展现状,分析了木竹材防腐领域目前存在的主要问题,并就今后的重点研究方向进行了展望。木竹材防腐剂仍以含铜化合物为主,同时采取多种方式提高其防腐效果和抗流失性;无机硼盐、有机杀菌剂和天然提取物已成为欧洲多数国家研究和应用的新方向;硼盐防腐剂的抗流失性依然是关注的热点,通过化学改性达到防腐效果已成为新的研究方向。加压处理仍是当前防腐木生产的主要方式。随着竹材开发利用的不断发展,竹材的防腐日益受到重视,出现了针对竹材的防腐剂和处理技术。根据木竹材防腐研究现状,建议木竹材的防腐需重视环境因素,如土壤微生物、光照和水分等对腐朽的加速及防腐剂的影响,并指出加强防腐剂在木竹材中的存在形式和对腐朽菌作用机理的研究,对提高其固着性和抗菌效果具有重要意义。

This paper expounds the present situation of wood and bamboo preservation from the aspects of the current preservatives and modification methods used to provide the necessary protection for wood and bamboo. It points out the development prospects and existing problems in the field of wood and bamboo preservation. Wood preservatives are still mainly based on copper and thus various methods have been developed to improve its fixation and decay re- sistance. The use of non-metallic formulations that contain boron salts, organic fungicides and natural extracts has be- come a new direction for research and application in most countries, with more attention focused on improving the leaching resistance of boron-based preservatives. Besides, wood modification continues to be a promising method in increasing its durability. Among all the wood preservative treatments, pressure treatment is the most popular method. Again, bamboo preservatives and processing technologies have gradually arisen to be placed higher on the priority list, special preservatives and treatments have been developed since wood and bamboo protection are indispensable parts of outdoor materials. Hence, research progress should be focused on the consideration of environmental impacts such as soil microbes, light, moisture, temperature and humidity fluctuation on decay and degradation of preservatives. In ad- dition, the research on the distribution of preservative and mechanisms against decay fungi has played an important role in optimizing the fixation and effectiveness of the preservatives against decay fungi.