语言影响人格:研究证据与理论解释

Language Influence on Personality: Research Evidence and Theoretical Explanation

语言能否影响个体乃至群体的人格?这一问题吸引了众多的研究者关注。大量的研究发现,双语者在回答不同语言的人格测评工具时,出现了显著的人格差异;作为人格结构的一部分,认知方式亦受语言影响。研究者提出了三类理论来解释语言对人格的影响:语言关联性假设、文化适应性假设和文化框架转换效应。未来研究应该关注语言对具体人格特质的影响,扩大被试群体,关注语言影响人格的调节变量,揭示语言影响人格的脑机制。

Whether language can influence personality or not has attracted the attention of many researchers. The research results show that bilinguals display significant different personalities measured by the same personality inventories in different languages. Language also affects the cognitive style of bilinguals. There are three theoretical explanations for these phenomena： linguistic relativity hypothesis, cultural accommodation hypothesis, and cultural frame switching effect. Future studies should examine the influence of language on specific personality traits, enlarge subject group, focus on the moderator variables of language influence on personality, and reveal the brain mechanism of language influence on personality.