学校教育场域中民族认同与国家认同的共生——云南彝族阿细中学生的个案研究

The Symbiosis Relationship between Ethnic Identity and National Identity in School Education Field—— A Case Study of Axi Yi High School Students in Yunnan

应用教育人类学方法考察分析云南彝族阿细中学生的民族认同与国家认同,结果发现:阿细中学生具有强烈的国家认同和民族认同,且两种认同之间呈正相关关系,说明少数民族的国家认同与民族认同可以和谐共生;他们的国家认同与民族认同具有同构性、差异性和层次性;两种认同的基础既有共性也有差异。阿细中学生的民族认同与国家认同之间的共生关系是建立在共同的国土意识、共同血缘、共同历史记忆、共同的英雄人物、共同的国家象征符号等共同基础之上,而学校教育场域是构筑这些共同性基础的重要场所。

Using the methods of educational anthropology, the study examines and analyzes Axi Yi high school students＇ ethnic identity and national identity. The study finds that they have very strong ethnic and national identities, and there is a moderate positive correlation between the two identities. This shows that the two identities can coexist harmoniously for ethnic minorities; they are featured with homogeneity, divergence and stratification; and both similarities and differences can be found in their foundations. The symbiotic relationship between students＇ ethnic identity and national identity is built on common foundations, such as common territorial awareness, common consanguinity, common historical memory, common heroic characters and common national symbols, and schooling field is the important place where those common foundations are built.