碳排放市场从区域走向全国统一的路径选择

Paths for Turning Regional Carbon Emission Market to National Unified System

中国区域碳排放市场试点对于运用市场机制配置碳排放资源、实现碳减排目标作出了有益探索。由于区域发展阶段不同、减排目标不同,怀抱"干中学"和"试错"的初衷,区域市场在重点控排单位入市基准和范围、配额核定与分配方法、交易平台与第三方核查机构服务、柔性机制、价格管理、履约激励、政府监管等具体制度的安排上存在很大差异,治理绩效并非尽善尽美。为了避免市场分割矛盾,提升碳排放资源市场配置绩效,有必要在保留区域市场有价值的制度要素基础上将区域市场转向全国统一的市场制度。

China＇s regional carbon market pilot makes a useful exploration for the use of market mechanisms for the allocation of carbon emissions, and realization of carbon-emission reduction target. Due to regional variation in terms of development and car- bon-emission reduction target and intention, there are differences in benchmark and scope of the market entering of key emission controlled enterprises, quota approval and allocation, trading platform and third party inspection institution, flexible mechanism, price management, performance incentive, government regulation and other specific institutional arrangements, and governance performance is not perfect. In order to avoid any risks from divided market and to promote the performance of carbon-emission allocation, it is necessary to turn to nationwide market system on the basis of keeping valuable factors of regional market.