福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水有毒物质的健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of regular toxicant in drinking water in Fuzhou Changle International Airport

目的评价福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水中的有毒物质对人群健康的风险大小,为饮用水健康风险控制提供科学依据。方法 2012—2015年,在对福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水管网末梢水每年3次常规38项和1次全项目监测的基础上,根据美国环保局研究评估的基因毒物质的致癌强度系数和躯体毒物质的参考剂量,通过应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型,对生活饮用水中有毒物质进行风险评估,并与美国环保局、国际辐射防护委员会等国际机构推荐的最大可接受风险水平进行比较,从而定量地描述饮用水污染对公众健康危害的危险度。结果 2012—2015年长乐国际机场生活饮用水中有毒物质的个人健康年风险分别为5.29×10^(-5)a^(-1)、5.34×10^(-5)a^(-1)、5.40×10^(-5)a^(-1)、5.04×10^(-5)a^(-1),优于美国环保局推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10^(-4)a^(-1),和国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10^(-5)a^(-1)相当,但仍达不到瑞典环保署、荷兰住宅空间计划及环境部以及英国皇家学会推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10^(-6)a^(-1),其中基因毒物质的健康风险水平较高,大小顺次为铬>镉>砷。结论福州长乐国际机场生活饮用水中有毒物质的健康风险水平在最大可接受水平范围内,但仍存在一定风险,其中基因毒物质是主要健康风险因素,铬、镉应作为重点防治对象。

Objective To assess the health risk of regular toxicant to human in drinking water in Fuzhou Changle International Airport,and to provide scientific evidence for the control of health risks of drinking water. Methods The monitoring of three times routine 38 items and once whole items of drinking water every year was conducted in Fuzhou Changle International Airport,according to the research of U.S.EPA about reference dose and carcinogenic potency factor,and Health risk associated with regular toxicant in drinking water were assessed using U.S.EPA health risk assessment model,thus to describe risk characterization of polluted drinking water quantitatively after compared with the maximal acceptant risk level recommended by U.S.EPA,ICRP and other international institutions. Results The total health risk level of regular toxicant in drinking water was 5.29 ×10^（-5）a^（-1）in 2012,5.34×10^（-5）a^（-1）in 2013,5.40×10^（-5）a^（-1）in 2014 and 5.04×10^（-5）a^（-1）in 2015,all of which below the maximum acceptable level recommended by U.S.EPA1.0×10^（-4）a^（-1）and closed to the standards by International Commission on Radiological Protection 5.0 ×10^（-5）a^（-1）,exceeded 1.0×10^（-6）a^（-1）,the standards recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the VROM of Holland and Royal Society of Britain. It was of a high level or degree of regular toxicant that the health risk of gene toxic substances,in which comparisons was Cr6＋〉Cd〉As. The health risk level of Cr6＋（4.90×10^（-5）a^（-1）） was the major risk factor. It was below 1.0×10^（-8）a^（-1）that the health risk of body toxic substances,which could be ignored. Conclusion It is still in the maximum acceptable level that the health risk level of regular toxicant in drinking water in Fuzhou Changle International Airport,while there are some risk that need to be paid attention to. The health risk of gene toxic substances are major risk factor,Cr^（6＋） and Cd should be the focus of control object.