2015—2016年深圳市职业性苯接触工人职业病监测结果分析

Data analysis of occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to benzene in Shenzhen City from 2015 to 2016

[目的]了解深圳市职业性苯接触工人职业健康状况及社保工伤待遇落实情况,为预防与控制苯所致职业病提供科学依据。[方法]收集2015—2016年深圳市职业性苯接触工人职业病监测数据进行统计分析。[结果]2015、2016年深圳市所监测的职业性苯接触人数分别为27 952、22 087人,监测对象血白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞等关键指标的偏低检出率、职业禁忌证检出率、应复查率在两年分别为6.21%、4.11%,2.01%、0.52%,4.45%、1.40%,1.67%、1.24%,6.69%、3.80%。以上5项指标在2016年均低于2015年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中女性血白细胞、血小板偏低检出率及应复查率均高于男性,男性职业禁忌证检出率要高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);监测对象血白细胞、中性粒细胞偏低检出率及应复查率呈现随工龄增长而增高的趋势(P<0.05);不同规模企业员工5项指标差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且均以微型企业最高。2015、2016年深圳市分别报告职业性苯中毒及苯所致白血病23例、10例,其中已经提交工伤保险待遇申请者分别为19例、6例,已经落实工伤保险待遇者分别为5例、2例。[结论]深圳市职业性苯接触工人职业健康状况不容乐观,有必要继续开展涉苯企业重点职业病监测,不断提高早期发现、早期预防、早期控制重点职业病的能力,从而切实保护劳动者健康。

[Objective] To understand the occupational health status of workers exposed to benzene,and to provide orientation for the main preventive and control measures. [Methods] Occupational health surveillance data of workers exposed to benzene in Shenzhen City from 2015 to 2016 were collected and analysed. [Results] In 2015 and 2016, 27 952 and 22 087 workers exposed to benzene were received occupational health examination respectively. The detection rates of low count number of white blood cell, platelet and neutrophile granulocyte were 6.21%,2.01% and 4.45% in 2015, and 4.1 l%,0.52%,andl.40% in 2016, respectively. In addition, 1.67% workers in 2015 and 1.24% workers in 2016 were found to suffer with occupational contradictions, 6.69% workers in 2015 and 3.80% workers in 2016 needed to be re-examined, respectively. It showed there were differences of such indicators between male and female workers and there was a trend that the results in 2016 were better than those in 2015 （P 〈 0.05 ）. The rates of low count number of white blood cell and neutrophile granulocyte, and the rate of workers needed to be re-examined increased with working ago（P 〈 0.05）. The detection rates among workers came from micro-enterprise were the highest （P 〈 0.05）.Totally 23 cases in 2015 and 10 cases in 2016 were diagnosed as occupational chronic benzene poisoning or benzene-induced leukemia. Among these cases, 19 cases in 2015 and 6 cases in 2016 applied for the working injury insurance, and 5 case in 2015 and 2 cases in 2016 got the compensation. [Conclusion] The adverse effect of occupational exposure to benzene is not optimistic in Shenzhen. It is necessary to pay more attention to working environment .The ability of early detection, earlv orevention and early control of such hazards and eonseauences should be imnroved.