蛇毒类凝血酶的研究进展

Research Progress in Snake Venom Thrombin-Like Enzymes

蛇毒类凝血酶(SVTLEs)是与人血浆凝血酶结构和功能非常相似的一类丝氨酸蛋白酶,具有精氨酸酯酶和酰氨酶活性,但其裂解纤维蛋白原的作用机制与凝血酶不同。大部分SVTLEs都是糖蛋白,含糖量在0%~30%之间。SVTLEs主要分布于蝰科的蝮亚科和蝰亚科。由于SVTLEs体外促凝、体内去纤的生理性质,其在心肌梗死、缺血性中风和其他血栓性疾病方面拥有巨大的潜在应用价值。随着对SVTLEs研究的不断深入,目前已有多种SVTLEs应用于临床止血、抗血栓及诊断等方面。该文对SVTLEs的分布,生化特性,基因工程研究以及应用等作了简要综述。

Snake venom thrombin-like enzymes（ SVTLEs） are one of serine proteases similar to human plasma thrombin in structure and function,with arginine esterase and amidolytic activity,but their mechanism of cleaving fibrinogen is different from thrombin.Most SVTLEs are glycoproteins and their carbohydrate content is from 0% to 30% of the total protein mass. SVTLEs are mainly coming from the snake venoms of the Crotalinae and Viperinea subfamilies. Because of the biological properties of clotting in vitro and difibrinogenating in vivo,SVTLEs has huge potential application value in myocardial infarction,ischemic stroke,and other thrombotic diseases. As different researches have been done on SVTLEs,it is established that there are several variety of SVTLEs applied as hemostatic,antithrombotic and diagnostic reagents. The distribution,biochemical properties,genetic engineering research and application of SVTLEs are reviewed in this paper.