侵权责任法的创权功能再思考——以权利与利益的区分保护为基点

Reconsideration on the Function of Creating Rights of Tort Liability Law——Taking the Distinctive Protection between Rights and Interests as Starting Point

侵权责任法的创权功能是指该法依据其保护民事主体人身、财产权利和利益的性质,对于法律尚未规定成为权利的利益内容,从权利和利益区分保护的角度进行考量,逐渐为其形成类似权利组成部分的积极权能和消极权能,并最终总结创设出新的权利类型的功能。创权功能存在的合理性来源是侵权责任法上一般条款的弹性以及开放性。通过对于创权功能的内涵进行再次解读,可以发现该功能中包括对于利益的筛选,"权利外衣"的借用,新的权能内容的生成以及新类型权利的总结确认和宣示这四个主要部分。通过正确使用侵权责任法所内含的创权功能,有助于解决部分民事利益被强行张贴"权利"标签来证明其应保护的合理性之现状,同时促进法律体系的完善和进步。

The function of creating rights of tort liability law means that the law is to protect the nature of personal body, property right and interest of the civil subject, and from the perspective of protection of rights and interests, gradually to form the rights components of the positive and negative for the those have not defined as right and in end to establish the new functions of rights. The rationality of existence of creating right functions is the flexibility and openness of general terms of tort liability law. By reinterpreting the connotation of creating right functions, it can be found that the functions include four main parts of the interest screening, the borrowing of the ＂right coat＂, the generation of the new right content and the summary, confirm and declaration of the new type of rights. By using the proper functions of creating rights contained in the tort law, it is helpful to solve the status quo of the civil interests with a label of ＂rights＂ forced to prove the rationality of its protection and, while promoting improvement and progress of the legal system.