淡水湖泊生态系统退化驱动因子及修复技术研究进展

Research progress on the driving factors of freshwater lake ecosystem degradation and associated restoration techniques

目前我国多数淡水湖泊污染、退化问题非常严重,诸多修复技术也已初见成效。影响淡水湖泊生态系统退化的驱动因子众多,既有生物因素也有非生物因素,它们之间相互联系,相互作用,且作用机理错综复杂。首先介绍了淡水湖泊生态系统退化的含义及形式;其次,分析、总结了淡水湖泊生态系统退化的驱动因子,从退化的生态学完整性意义和退化修复的技术手段上看,淡水湖泊生态系统主要受物理、化学和生物三大驱动因子影响,且基本遵循"环境变化-驱动力-压力(阈值)-状态-响应"原理;再次,在厘清湖泊生态系统退化驱动原理的基础上,从淡水湖泊生态系统功能模块和湖泊生态系统修复实践经验总结的角度出发,构建了淡水湖泊生态系统修复模块技术体系,并就湖泊富营养化和湖滨湿地生态系统退化修复的技术进行了讨论和对比;最后,对淡水湖泊生态系统修复的环境变化驱动因子的作用机制、作用途径和修复技术的长效机制等方面进行了展望。

At present, most freshwater lakes in China are severely polluted and degraded. In this regard, we have achieved considerable initial success using a number of restoration techniques. There are many factors that affect the degradation of freshwater lake ecosystems, including both biotic and abiotic factors. These factors are interrelated and interact with each other, and thus causal mechanisms are complicated. In this paper, we initially introduce the meaning and degenerate forms of freshwater lake ecosystem degradation. We then summarize the factors driving the degradation of freshwater lake ecosystems. From the perspectives of ecological integrity and degradation restoration techniques, freshwater lake ecosystems are mainly affected by three types of driving factors （physical, chemical, and biological） , which essentially follow the ＂environmental change-driving force-pressure （threshold）-state-response＂ principle. We then construct a technical system for a freshwater lake ecosystem restoration module, based on functional modules of freshwater lake ecological systems and practical experience of lake ecosystem restoration, to clarify the driving principle of lake ecosystem degradation, and subsequently discuss and compare degenerate restoration techniques in water eutrophication and freshwater lakeside wetland ecosystems. Finally, we present an outlook of the long-effect mechanism of remediation technology, and the future mechanisms of action and pathways of the driving factors of environmental change in freshwater lake ecological restoration