网式过滤器滤网堵塞成因分析与压降计算

Clogging Reason Analysis and Pressure Drop Calculation of Screen Filter

为分析网式过滤器滤网堵塞的过程和成因,并获得滤网堵塞后压降计算的相关参数,对网式过滤器进行堵塞试验。试验结果表明:滤网堵塞经历了介质堵塞和滤饼堵塞2个过程,形成的滤饼内层泥沙颗粒粒径较大,外层颗粒粒径分布较均匀;滤网孔径和含沙量是影响堵塞的重要因素,滤网孔径越小,滤网堵塞所用时间越短;相同孔径下,含沙量越大,堵塞所用时间越短,滤网越容易堵塞。根据试验结果建立了滤网内外压降与滤网孔径、滤网厚度、孔隙率、形成滤饼层厚度、滤饼孔隙率等的定量关系式,并分别计算了孔径为430、280、200μm滤网的内外压降,并与实测压降进行了对比分析。结果表明,计算得到的滤网内外压降与实测值基本一致,可以反映滤网堵塞的规律;滤网内外压降随水流流量、滤网厚度、形成滤饼层厚度增大而增大,滤网孔径越小,滤饼孔隙率越小,滤网两侧压降越大。

Filtration is essential to the efficient operation of drip irrigation systems and screen filter is the most common types of filter used in drip irrigation systems. The screen of filter could be clogged by sand particles which cannot pass through the filter mesh pore in the process of filtering. The clogging experiment was carried out to analyze the process and reason of screen clogging, and obtain some parameters of calculating the pressure drop of screen filter after being clogged. According to experimental results, the clogging reason was analyzed by the medium clogging and filtration cake clogging, respectively. The sizes of sand particles in inner layer of filtration cake were large and the sizes in the outer layer were small and uniform. With the large size of mesh pore, the time of screen clogging was short and the screen was easy to be clogged. Under the same size of mesh pore, the time of screen clogging would be shortened with large sand concentration. Based on Darcy＇ s law and actual parameters of screen, the relationship between pressure drop of screen and the mesh pore, mesh thickness, mesh porosity, filtration cake thickness, filtration cake porosity was developed theoretically. According to the actual data of the filtration mesh and cake, the pressure drops between the internal and external surfaces of screen were calculated with the mesh pore sizes of 430 /xm, 280 wm and 200 p,m, respectively. The results indicated that the pressure drops were increased with the increase of flow rate, mesh thickness and filtration cake thickness. The pressure drops also were increased with the decrease of mesh pore and cake porosity. The calculated results of pressure drop were compared with the measured values, which indicated that the predicted pressure drop for each filtration level showed a good correlation with the measured pressure drop of filter screen, and the results can reflect the clogging law of screen.