文人独创与章回小说的新变

Literati's Original Composition and New Development of Chaptered Fiction

文人独创是中国章回小说最富有生命力的创作方式,它给章回小说带来了深刻的变化。早期世代累积型小说主要取材于前代历史和传说,文人独创小说取材于发生在作家身边的故事。世代累积型小说主要关注社会历史问题,而文人独创小说更关注人的命运和人生的意义。世代累积型小说粗线条、快节奏讲述传奇故事,其人物存在善恶分明的类型化倾向,文人独创小说真实而细腻地描写日常生活,其人物与现实中一样逼真和复杂。文人小说家都会写诗,有些又是学者,他们在小说创作中不同程度地存在炫耀诗才、卖弄学问的倾向。

The original composition of literati was the most vital form of the creation of the chaptered fiction in ancient China,bringing to this genre of writing profound development. Fictions based on generations' accumulation largely draw their materials from previous histories and legends,whereas literati's original fictions largely draw their materials from stories happened around the individual literati. Fictions based on generations' accumulation pay attention to social and historical concerns,whereas literati 's original fictions pay more attention to the fate of human beings and the meaning of human life. Fictions based on generations' accumulation sketch out some legendary stories in a fast pace,and their stereotypical characters are either utterly good or utterly evil; whereas literati's original fictions depict the everyday life with realites and details,and their characters are as vivid and complicated as people in real life. On the other hand,as most literati fictionists were able to write poems,and some of them were scholars,they tended,at different degrees,to display their poetic talent and academic learning in their fictions.