高地隙折腰式水田多功能动力底盘设计与试验

Design and experiment of high clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field

针对目前水田农用底盘通用性差、转弯半径大、离地间隙低、田间行驶及爬坡越埂稳定性差等问题,结合东北地区水稻种植模式和农艺要求,该文设计了一种高地隙折腰式水田多功能动力底盘,阐述分析了底盘整体结构、传动系统与工作原理。在静态弯曲和扭转工况下进行了有限元分析,得到了满载量化状态下车架载荷分布和薄弱部位,有限元分析表明:在满载弯曲工况下,车架所受最大应力发生在平衡装置摇摆轴处为130.70 MPa,最大位移发生在后车架发动机安装梁处为1.56 mm;在满载扭转工况下,车架所受最大应力发生在右后悬架与纵梁连接处为255.44 MPa,最大位移发生在车架左纵梁与后横梁连接处为9.44 mm,为后续开展车架薄弱区域的改进与轻量化设计提供重要依据。在此基础上,对动力底盘的转向性能、行驶性能和越埂性能进行了理论分析,并以行驶速度、最小转弯半径、最大爬坡角和最大越埂高度为试验指标,进行了田间性能试验。试验结果表明:多功能动力底盘田间道路行驶速度范围为1~14 km/h,水田行驶速度范围为1~6 km/h,水田行驶最小转弯半径为3 200 mm,最大爬坡角为56o,最大越埂高度为533 mm,整机工作性能满足田间管理作业要求,提高了水田综合作业的高效性和适用性,实现动力底盘的一机多用。该研究可为水田田间管理作业的有效实施提供综合应用平台和技术支撑。

Rice is the most important crop in China,which has the largest plant area,the highest per area yield and the most total output.The production scale of rice has important significance to the development of grain production safety.The field management of paddy field is important guarantee for rice growth and the construction of standardized farmland.At present,some regions in China are still in manual labor to manage paddy field,and the comprehensive mechanization has low level,poor quality,long operation period,and high labor intensity.Some Chinese scientific research institutes and agricultural machinery enterprises have focused on high clearance chassis technology,and developed a variety of related supporting work equipment.Most equipment are improved through transplanter chassis or four-wheel tractor,which have low ground clearance,high center of gravity,low working efficiency,and large turning radius,and cannot meet the requirements for paddy field management operations.In this case,a high-clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field was designed,in view of meeting the agronomic requirements of rice planting in the northeast region of China.The overall structure,transmission scheme and working principle of the multifunctional chassis with power train were illustrated and analyzed.The three-dimensional model was used for its parametric modeling,and the model was imported to FEA（finite element analysis） software ANSYS Workbench 14.0 to analyze the carframe.Different experimental conditions were simulated to calculate stress and deformation of the frame,and the stress of the main deformed part was measured,which provided the basis for the weak area improvement and lightweight design of the following frame.The finite element analysis results showed that：Under the full load bending condition,the maximum stress experienced was 130.7 MPa at the roll of the balance device,and the maximum displacement was 1.56 mm at the rear carframe;under the full load condition,the maximum stress occurring was 255.44 MPa at the junction of the right rear suspension and the stringer,and the maximum displacement was 9.44 mm at the junction of the left and right beams of the carframe.On the basis,the steering performance,running performance and climbing ridge performance of the multifunctional chassis with power train were analyzed theoretically.The field performance experiment was carried out with the driving speed,the minimum turning radius,the maximum climbing ridge angle and height as response indices.The test results showed that：The driving speed in field road was 1-14 km/h,the driving speed in paddy field was 1-6 km/h,the minimum turning radius was 3 200 mm,and the maximum climbing angle and height were 56oand 533 mm,respectively.The high clearance articulated multifunctional chassis with power train can meet the requirements for paddy field management operations,which has the characteristics of high ground clearance,small turning radius and flexible operation.The research results in this paper can provide the comprehensive application basis and technical support for the effective implementation of paddy field management.