775名空军飞行员膳食调查及营养状况评价

Dietary survey and nutritional status evaluation of 775 Air Force pilots

目的掌握某部飞行员营养状况以及存在的问题,提出改进建议。方法采用称量法对本部775名空军飞行员进行膳食调查,计算平均每人日能量及各种营养素的摄入量,并进行身高、体质量的人体测量,计算体质量指数(BMI),观察空腹血糖、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、尿酸等血液生化指标情况。结果 775名飞行员每日人均摄入总能量为3 623.9 kcal,其中蛋白质和脂肪分别占15.8%和37.5%、碳水化合物占46.7%。谷类、豆类、蔬菜、水果、蛋类、奶类食物均摄入不足,菌藻类和脏腑类食物缺乏,肉禽水产类和植物油摄入量超过标准,每人每天维生素B2摄入量不足。被调查的飞行员中,单纯三酰甘油增高116人(14.97%),单纯胆固醇增高74人(9.55%),三酰甘油及胆固醇均增高的37人(4.77%),尿酸增高82人(10.58%),脂肪肝126人(16.26%),空腹血糖增高10人(1.29%)。187人体质量指数BMI≥26 kg/m2,超标检出率达24.13%(187/775),其中肥胖35人(4.52%)。结论某部飞行员膳食结构不平衡,某些营养素超标和另一些营养素缺乏同时存在。应采取措施减少脂肪摄入,增加蔬菜水果和脏腑类、水产类,提高维生素摄入量。

Objective We intended to investigate the nutritional status and problems of Air Force pilots in our department, and provide improvement suggestions. Methods Weighing method was used to investigate the average daily energy of each pilots and calculate the intake of various nutrients, height and weight were measured, also blood biochemical indicators were calculated, such as body mass index （BMI）, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, uric acid, etc. Results The daily intake of total energy for each pilot was 3623.9 kcal, including 15.8% for protein, 37.5% for fat, 46.7% for carbohydrate. The intake of cereal, beans, vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk was insufficient, the homonemeae and viscera was absent, but the intake of vegetable oil, meat and fish exceeded the standard. The intake of vitamin B2 per person was deficiency. Physical examination results showed that 116 （14.97%） of the aviators had simple triglycerides, 74 （9.55%） had simple cholesterol, 37 （4.77%） had higher cholesterol and triglycerides, 82 （10.58%） had hypeluricemia, 126 （16.26%） had fatty liver, 10 （1.29%） had impaired fasting plasma glucose, 187 had body mass index （BMI）≥26 kg/m2, 24.13% （187/775） was the detection rate, 35（4.52%） obese aviators were contained. Conclusion The dietary pattern is unbalance for these aviators in our department, some certain nutrients are too much and some nutrients are lacking . Measures should be taken to reduce fat intake, increase vegetables, fruits and viscera, aquatic products, and increase vitamin intake.